Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis
Introduction
Legumes, which include many common foods such as soybeans and peas, are well known as the only plant family with the capability to fix nitrogen. Most environmental nitrogen is in the form of N₂, or atmospheric nitrogen. However, for plants to uptake and use this vital nutrient, it must be in an organic form such as ammonia (NH₃), nitrate (NO₃-), or nitrite (NO₂-). Legumes possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds through their symbiotic relationship with Rhizobia bacteria. During rhizobial symbiosis, rhizobia infects plant roots to form root nodules. The bacteria facilitate nitrogen uptake for the plants (S, J. 2023). The rhizobia provides the legume with a source of fixed nitrogen, while in turn, the host legume provides the rhizobia with key nutrients for metabolism (U, M. 2013). The availability of organic nitrogen in the soil is a major limiting factor for plant growth (S, J. 2023). Because of this symbiosis with rhizobia is crucial for productivity in legumes (P, N. A. 2003). Research on this symbiotic interaction has the potential to enhance food production and make sustainable changes in the field of agriculture (P, N. A. 2003). This page will discuss the process for nodulation and key genes of this symbiosis.
Initiating Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis
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Here we cite April Murphy's paper on microbiomes of the Kokosing river. [5]
Key Genes in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
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CFuture Prospects
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Zigli DD, Brew L, Obeng-Denteh W, Kwofie S. On the Application of Homeomorphism on Amoeba Proteus. Ghana Journal of Technology. 2021 Mar 31;5(2):43-7.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
- ↑ Lee G, Low RI, Amsterdam EA, Demaria AN, Huber PW, Mason DT. Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1981 May;29(5):576-81.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 text of the citation
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Murphy A, Barich D, Fennessy MS, Slonczewski JL. An Ohio State Scenic River Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent. Microbiology Spectrum. 2021 Sep 1;9(2):e00941-21.
Edited by Rebecca Holland, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116, 2024, Kenyon College.
