Ear

Description of Niche

The Human Ear: The human ear is comprised of 3 main parts: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear consists of the pinna, which is the visible part of the ear, and the auditory ear canal to the tympanic membrane(ear drum). The membrane separates the outer ear from the middle ear which is an air-filled space that is connected to the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube. The middle ear consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes. These three tiny bones carry sound from the ear drum to the inner ear. The inner ear (aka the bony labyrinth) is comprised of the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus.

Physical Conditions?

The conditions of the pinna is similar to that of the skin(for more information please refer to the skin page). Closer to the ear canal the skin develops a thin lining of ear wax. Ear wax is composed mostly of dead skin cells and keratin with a small mixture of cerumen, sweat, and oil. Cerumen is secreted from the ceruminous glands located in the first third outer part of the ear canal and is thought to be composed mainly of cholesterol, squalene, wax esters, and triglycerides. The cerumen also has antibacterial/fungal properties which can be attributed to its slight acidic pH of 6.1 and the presence of lysozyme. In normal individuals, the ear wax is continuously pushed out of the ear canal by the slow migration of the top layer of skin cells from the tympanic membrane towards the outer ear. The ear wax traps any foreign particles/organisms on its way out. The ear canal is a dark, moist, and warm place, abundant with nutrients from dead skin cells. If not for the cerumen, the ear canal would be a very hospital place for microbes.

Influence by Adjacent Communities (if any)

Is your niche close to another niche or influenced by another community of organisms?

Conditions under which the environment changes

Do any of the physical conditions change? Are there chemicals, other organisms, nutrients, etc. that might change the community of your niche.

Who lives there?

Which microbes are present?

You may refer to organisms by genus or by genus and species, depending upon how detailed the your information might be. If there is already a microbewiki page describing that organism, make a link to it.

Do the microbes that are present interact with each other?

Describe any negative (competition) or positive (symbiosis) behavior

Do the microbes change their environment?

Do they alter pH, attach to surfaces, secrete anything, etc. etc.

Do the microbes carry out any metabolism that affects their environment?

Do they ferment sugars to produce acid, break down large molecules, fix nitrogen, etc. etc.