Micromonospora equina

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Microspora marina isolated from from coastal Mozambique, southeast Africa(http://www.marinebiotech.org/images_large/micromonospora_sp.jpg)

Classification

Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Micromonosporineae; Micromonosporaceae; Micromonospora NCBI link to find]

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Micromonospora equina

Description and Significance

The Micromonospora family can be found in a variety of habitats including; freshwater or saltwater aquatic habitats, deep sea sediments, beach sand, root nodules, least common in soil. Micromonospora equina was discovered in the soil around a race horse track. M. equina is a gram positive, spore forming, aerobic bacteria. Work is still being done to learn more about M. equnina but many strains of Micromonospora produce antibiotics such as gentamycin. While other strains can degrade rubber while others can survive water contaminated by radon.

Genome Structure

Using rapid genus identification, researchers found that the isolates belong to one of six genera of Micromonosporaceae. BLASTN analysis of 16srRNA gene on strain Y22 showed the microbe was in the genus Micromonospora and showed to have a very close sequence matches to Micromonospora viridifaciens DSM 43909T,Micromonospora auratinigra TT1-11T, and Micromonospora olivasterospora MK70T.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

This organism is a poor nitrate reducer that can produce H2S as a product. It is able to hydrolyze Aesculin, Arbitin and starch. The organism is able to degrade casein, gelatin, between -80, and L-tyrosine. It is also able to inefficiently degrade xylan. The organism can use D-glucose, maltose, and threhalose as its only carbon source, and inefficiently us L-arabinose, α-lactose, and melibiose. M.equins can use L-asparagine, L-methionine, potassium nitrate, L-serine, L-histidine, L-4 hydroxyproline, and L-valine as its only nitrogen source. M. equina grows optimally at pH 5-10, 20-37ºC, but does not grow at 45°C. It can live at 2% NaCl, but one strain can live at 3% NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan is made up of DL- diaminopimelic acid (Meso-DAP) and glysine . Arabinose, glucose, ribose, and xylose was found in the cytoplasm, but there were no mycolic acids found. The polar lipids that were found in the membrane include phosphatidylethanilamine, phosphotidylinostitol, phosphatydylinostitol mannoside, and unidentified phospholipids. Strain Y22T was shown to be resistant to penicillin G. and weakly resistant to oleandomycin phosphate. This strain was sensitive to cephaloridine , lincomycin hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, rifampicin, streptomycin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, vancomycon hydrochloride.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

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References

[Sample reference] [Gareth J., et al. 2013. Micromonospora equina sp.nov, isolated from soil from a racecourse. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63:879-885. ]

Author

Page authored by Chanel Redden and Stephanie DeDore, students of Prof. Edward Walker at Michigan State University.

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