Actinomyces israelii NEUF2011: Difference between revisions
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How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms. | How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms. | ||
Actinomyces israelii is the cause of 56% of actinomycotic abscess and empyema. Actinomycosis is a rare infection in humans which manifests itself in abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and the formation of drainage sinuses. The most common forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial actinomycosis, thoracic actinomycosis, adbominopelvic actinomycosis, and central nervous system actinomycosis. | Actinomyces israelii is the cause of 56% of actinomycotic abscess and empyema. Actinomycosis is a rare infection in humans which manifests itself in abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and the formation of drainage sinuses. The most common forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial actinomycosis, thoracic actinomycosis, adbominopelvic actinomycosis, and central nervous system actinomycosis.(first article) Actinomyces israelii is able to grow in host tissue by surviving the host's defenses such as phagocytes. The bacteria do this by growing in colonies made up of cohesive branching filaments of cells. Structures called fimbriae on the cell surface that are similar to, but smaller than flagella, and made of protein located on the bacterial cell surface allow Actinomyces israelii to grow in these colonies. Actinomyces israelii cells make connections to surfaces, such as tissues and teeth, as well as to one another, forming the filamentous colonies that allow the cells to avoid phagocytosis by the host immune response. (second article) | ||
Gaini, S., Roge, B., Pedersen, C., Pedersen, S., & Brenoe, A. (2006). Severe Actinomyces israelii infection involving the entire spinal cord. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 38(3), 211-213. | Gaini, S., Roge, B., Pedersen, C., Pedersen, S., & Brenoe, A. (2006). Severe Actinomyces israelii infection involving the entire spinal cord. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 38(3), 211-213. | ||
Cell surface structures of Actinomyces israelii David Figdor, MDSc, LDS, FRACDS, Dip Endo* | |||
John Davies, BSc, PhD† | |||
Australian Dental Journal 1997;42:(2):125-8 | |||
==Current Research== | ==Current Research== | ||
Revision as of 23:43, 18 October 2011
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Actinomyces israelii NEUF2011
Classification
Higher order taxa
Superkingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Actinomycetales Family: Actinomycetaceae Genus: Actinomyces
Use NCBI link to find]
Species
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Species: A. israelii
Description and significance
Actinomyces israelii is a filamentous anaerobic bacteria that is gram positive, non-spore forming, and non-acid-fast1. It is an organism typically found in the soil and in decaying organic matter including wet hay and straw, but is can also be found in oral cavities, dental plaques2 and the intestinal tract of mammals. Although Actinomyces israelii is not normally a disease causing organism, it is the primary causative agent of Actinomycosis, a long term infection that commonly affects the face and neck3. Actinomyces israelii is sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and selected aminoglycosides1.
1 "Actinomyces Israelii | Humen Health." Humen Health Diseases. Web. 04 Oct. 2011. <http://www.humenhealth.com/actinomyces-israelii>
2 Roque, Manolette R. "Actinomycosis in Opthalmology." Medscape Reference. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1203061-overview#a0101>
3 "Actinomycosis - PubMed Health." PubMed Health. Ed. David C. Dugdale. 1 Dec. 2009. Web. 04 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001625/>
Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
The 16S ribosomal RNA sequence in Actinomyces bacteria is used to differentiate between more and less closely related species within the genus. Most literature about Actinomyces israelii currently discusses this sequence as significant, with little discussion about other gene sequences.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Oct. 2004, p. 840–862 Vol. 17, No. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC523561/pdf/0041-04.pdf
Cell structure and metabolism
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
The cell surface of Actinomyces israelii is covered with a thick and fuzzy coat. The hairy structure comes out from fuzzy other coat, and it surrounds entire surface of bacterial cell wall evenly. The Presence of hairy structures in a fuzzy outer coat shows that some strains of Actinomyces israelii are capable to generate fimbriae.
Figdor, David, and John Davies. "Cell surface structures of Actinomyces israelii." Australian Dental Journal 42:(2) (1997): 125-128. PDF file.
Ecology
Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Actinomyces israelii is the cause of 56% of actinomycotic abscess and empyema. Actinomycosis is a rare infection in humans which manifests itself in abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and the formation of drainage sinuses. The most common forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial actinomycosis, thoracic actinomycosis, adbominopelvic actinomycosis, and central nervous system actinomycosis.(first article) Actinomyces israelii is able to grow in host tissue by surviving the host's defenses such as phagocytes. The bacteria do this by growing in colonies made up of cohesive branching filaments of cells. Structures called fimbriae on the cell surface that are similar to, but smaller than flagella, and made of protein located on the bacterial cell surface allow Actinomyces israelii to grow in these colonies. Actinomyces israelii cells make connections to surfaces, such as tissues and teeth, as well as to one another, forming the filamentous colonies that allow the cells to avoid phagocytosis by the host immune response. (second article)
Gaini, S., Roge, B., Pedersen, C., Pedersen, S., & Brenoe, A. (2006). Severe Actinomyces israelii infection involving the entire spinal cord. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 38(3), 211-213.
Cell surface structures of Actinomyces israelii David Figdor, MDSc, LDS, FRACDS, Dip Endo* John Davies, BSc, PhD† Australian Dental Journal 1997;42:(2):125-8
Current Research
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
Cool Factor
Describe something you fing "cool" about this microbe.
References
Edited by student of Iris Keren
