Bacillus cereus
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Bacillus cereus
Classification
===Higher order taxa===
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Bacillaceae
Genus: Bacillus
Species Group: Bacillus cereus group
Species
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Bacillus cereus
Description and significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why it is important enough to have its genome sequenced. Describe how and where it was isolated. Include a picture or two (with sources) if you can find them.
Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Does it have any plasmids? Are they important to the organism's lifestyle?
Cell structure and metabolism
Describe any interesting features and/or cell structures; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology
Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
References
[1] "Bacillus cereus." NCBI website. Accessed on August 18, 2007
[2] Vilain, S., Luo, Y., Hildreth, M., and Brozel, V. “Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Soil Saprophyte Bacillus cereus in Liquid Soil Extract and in Soil.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2006. Volume 72(7). p. 4970–4977.
[3] DelVecchio, V., Connolly, J., Alefantis, T., Walz, A., Quan, M., Patra, G., Ashton, J., Whittington, J., Chafin, R., Liang, X., Grewal, P., Khan, A., and Mujer C. “Proteomic Profiling and Identification of Immunodominant Spore Antigens of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2006. Volume 72(9). p. 6355–6363.
[4] “Bacillus cereus.” United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for food safety and applied nutrition (FDA). Accessed August 18, 2007.
[5] Hoffmaster, A., Hill, K., Gee, J., Marston, C., De, B., Popovic, T., Sue, D., Wilkins, P., Avashia, S., Drumgoole, R., Helma, C., Ticknor, L., Okinaka, R., and Jackson, J. “Characterization of Bacillus cereus Isolates Associated with Fatal Pneumonias: Strains Are Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis and Harbor B. anthracis Virulence.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2006. Volume 44(9). p. 3352-3360.
[6] Wijnands, L., Dufrenne, J., Zwietering, M. H., and Leusden, F. “Spores from mesophilic Bacillus cereus strains germinate better and grow faster in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions than spores from psychrotrophic strains.” International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2006. Volume 112. Issue 2. p. 120-128.
[7] Rasko, D., Altherr, M., Han, C., and Ravel, J. “Genomics of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms.” FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2005. Volume 29(2). p.303-329.
[8] Rasko, D., Ravel, J., Okstad, O. A., Helgason, E., Cer, R., Jiang, L., Shores, K. A., Fouts, D., Tourasse, N., Angiuoli, S., Kolonay, J., Nelson, W., Kolsto, A, Fraser, C., and Read, T. D. “The genome sequence of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to Bacillus anthracis pXO1” Nucleic Acids Research. 2004. Volume 32(3). p. 977–988.
[9] Han, C., Xie, g., Challacombe, J., Altherr, M., Bhotika, S., Bruce, D., Campbell, D., Campbell, M., Chen, J., Chertkov, O., Cleland, C., Dimitrijevic, M., Doggett, N., Fawcett, J., Glavina, T., Goodwin, L., Hill, K., Hitchcock, P., Jackson, P., Keim, P., Kewalramani, A., Longmire, J., Lucas, S., Malfatti, S., McMurry, K., Meincke, L. J., Misra, M., Moseman, B. L., Mundt, M., Munk, C., Okinaka, R. T., Parson-Quintana, B., Reilly, L. P., Richardson, P., Robinson, D. L., Rubin, E., Saunders, E., Tapia, R., Tesmer, J. G., Thayer, N., Thompson, L. S., Tice, H., Ticknor, L., Wills, P., Brettin, T., and Gilna, P. “Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis.” Journal of Bacteriology. 2006. Volume 188(900). p. 3382–3390.
[10] Ticknor, O., Kolsto, A., Hill, K., Keim. P., Laker, M., Tonks, M., and Jackson, P. “Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Norwegian Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Soil Isolates.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2001. Volume 67(10). p. 4863–4873.
[11] Amano, K., Hazama, S., Akarari, Y., Ito, E. “Isolation and Characterization of Structural Components of Bacillus cereus AHU 1356 Cell Walls.” European Journal of Biochemistry. (1977). Volume 75 (2). p. 513–522.
[12] Severin, A., Tabei, K., Tomasz, A. “The structure of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Bacillus cereus RSVF1, a strain closely related to Bacillus anthracis.” Microbial Drug Resistance. 2004. Volume 10(2). p. 77-82.
[13] Mignot, T., Denis, B., Couture-Tosi, E., Kolsto, A., Mock, M., Fouet, A. “Distribution of S-layers on the surface of Bacillus cereus strains: phylogenetic origin and ecological pressure.” Environmental Microbiology. 2001. Volume 3(8). p. 493–501.
[14] Senesi, S., Celandroni, F., Salvetti, S., Beecher, D., Wong, A., and Ghelardi, A. “Swarming motility in Bacillus cereus and characterization of a fliY mutant impaired in swarm cell differentiation.” Microbiology. 2002. Volume 148. p. 1785-1794.
[15] Pol, I., van Arendonk, W., Mastwijk, H., Krommer, J., Smid, E., and Moezelaar R. “Sensitivities of Germinating Spores and Carvacrol-Adapted Vegetative Cells and Spores of Bacillus cereus to Nisin and Pulsed-Electric-Field Treatment.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2001. Volume 67(4). p. 1693–1699.
[16] Kutima, P., and Foegeding, P. “Involvement of the spore coat in germination of Bacillus cereus T spores.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1987. Volume 53(1). p.47–52.
[17] Duport, C., Zigha, A., Rosenfeld, E., and Schmitt, P. “Control of Enterotoxin Gene Expression in Bacillus cereus F4430/73 Involves the Redox-Sensitive ResDE Signal Transduction System.” Journal of Bacteriology. 2006. Volume 188. p. 6640–6651.
[18] Mols, M., de Been, M., Zwietering, M., Moezelaar, R., Abee, T. “Metabolic capacity of Bacillus cereus strains ATCC 14579 and ATCC 10987 interlinked with comparative genomics.” Environmental Microbiology. 2007. (Online Early Articles).
[19] Silo-Suh, L., Lethbridge, B., Raffel, S J, He, H., Clardy, J., and Handelsman, J. “Biological activities of two fungistatic antibiotics produced by Bacillus cereus UW85.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1994. Volume 60(6). p. 2023–2030.
[20] Halverson, L J, and Handelsman J. “Enhancement of soybean nodulation by Bacillus cereus UW85 in the field and in a growth chamber.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1991. Volume 57(9). p. 2767–2770.
[21] Peterson, S., Dunn, A., Klimowicz, A., and Handelsman, J. “Peptidoglycan from Bacillus cereus Mediates Commensalism with Rhizosphere Bacteria from the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium Group.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. Volume 72(8). p. 5421–5427.
[22] Margulis, L., Jorgensen, J, Dolan, S., Kolchinsky, R., Rainey, F., and Shyh-Ching. “The Arthromitus stage of Bacillus cereus: Intestinal symbionts of animals.” Proceedings of the National Science Academy U S A. 1998. Volume 3; 95(3). p. 1236–1241.
[23] Jensen, G., Hansen, B., Eilenberg, J., Mahillon, J. “The hidden lifestyles of Bacillus cereus and relatives.” Environmental Microbiology. 2003. Volume 5(8). p. 631–640.
[24 Kotiranta, A., Lounatmaa, K., and Haapasalo, M. “Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus infections.” Microbes and Infections. 2000. Volume 2, Issue 2. p. 189-198
[25 Granum, P., Lund, T. “Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins.” FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1997. Volume 157 (2). p. 223–228.
[26] Handelsman, J., Jacobson, L., Stabb, E. “Bacillus cereus strain DGA34; United States Patent 5736382.” Official gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. 1998. Accessed August 13, 2007.
[27] Sunaina, V. “Bacterial metabolites from bacillus cereus B4 responsible for potato plant growth.” Journal of the Indian Potato Association. 2005. Volume 32 (3-4). p. 187-188.
[28] Silo-Suh, L., Lethbridge, B., Raffel, S., He, H., Clardy, J., and Handelsman, J. “Biological activities of two fungistatic antibiotics produced by Bacillus cereus UW85.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1994. Volume 60(6) p. 2023–2030.
[29] Wijman, J., Leeuw, P., Moezelaar, R., Zwietering, M., and Abee, T. “Air-Liquid Interface Biofilms of Bacillus cereus: Formation, Sporulation, and Dispersion.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2007. Volume 73(5). p. 1481–1488.
[30] Clavel, T., Carlin, F., Dargaignaratz, D., Lairon, D., Nguyen-The, C., Schmitt. P. “Effects of porcine bile on survival of Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and Haemolysin BL enterotoxin production in reconstituted human small intestine media.” Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2007(OnlineEarly Articles).
[31 Harvie, D., Vilchez, D., Steggles, J., Ellar, D. “Bacillus cereus Fur regulates iron metabolism and is required for full virulence.” Microbiology. 2005. Volume 151(Pt 2). p.569-77.
Edited by Jacqueline Nguyen student of Rachel Larsen
