Bordetella pertussis Vaccine: Difference between revisions
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==Whooping Cough== | ==Whooping Cough== | ||
<br><b>Background</b> | <br><b>Background</b> | ||
<br>Whooping Cough if an infection of the respiratory tract most commonly caused by the bacterium [https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Bordetella_pertussis Bordetella pertussis], a small gram-negative bacterium [1]. This bacterium non-invasively adheres to the mucosal lining of the tracheobronchial tree. B. parapertussis and [https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Bordetella_bronchiseptica B. bronchiseptica] are two additional pathogens that can present whooping cough symptoms; however, these infections tend to be far less severe in nature. The first accounts of the disease date back to the 16th century. Before the vaccine, cyclic epidemics occurred every 2-5 years [10]. The disease is most frequently diagnosed in children ages 1-5 and presents itself as a moderate to severe respiratory infection with characteristic “whooping” coughing fits followed by vomiting. The disease has an incubation period of 9-10 days and symptoms can persist several months after they first manifest [1]. When infants contract the disease, it can manifest as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apnea apnoea] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanosis cyanosis] without any cough whatsoever. Infants have the highest rate of mortality due to the pertussis infection, a rate of 160 deaths per 100,000 cases [2]. In older children and adults the disease often manifests in unexpected and varying ways, making it difficult to diagnose [7]. | |||
<br><b>Pathogenesis</b> | <br><b>Pathogenesis</b> | ||
Revision as of 22:28, 23 March 2015
Whooping Cough
Background
Whooping Cough if an infection of the respiratory tract most commonly caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, a small gram-negative bacterium [1]. This bacterium non-invasively adheres to the mucosal lining of the tracheobronchial tree. B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica are two additional pathogens that can present whooping cough symptoms; however, these infections tend to be far less severe in nature. The first accounts of the disease date back to the 16th century. Before the vaccine, cyclic epidemics occurred every 2-5 years [10]. The disease is most frequently diagnosed in children ages 1-5 and presents itself as a moderate to severe respiratory infection with characteristic “whooping” coughing fits followed by vomiting. The disease has an incubation period of 9-10 days and symptoms can persist several months after they first manifest [1]. When infants contract the disease, it can manifest as apnoea and cyanosis without any cough whatsoever. Infants have the highest rate of mortality due to the pertussis infection, a rate of 160 deaths per 100,000 cases [2]. In older children and adults the disease often manifests in unexpected and varying ways, making it difficult to diagnose [7].
Pathogenesis
Current Vaccine Options
DwP Vaccine
DaP Vaccine
Recent Vaccine Failures
Incidents
Differences in Vaccine Efficacy
Other Hypotheses for the Failures
The Search for Improvement
References
Edited by Kristina Millar, a student of Nora Sullivan in BIOL168L (Microbiology) in The Keck Science Department of the Claremont Colleges Spring 2014.
