Borrelia burgdorferi and Lyme Disease Detection: Difference between revisions
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi is a linear chromosome with many smaller plasmids that are both linear and circular. The linear chromosome is about 950 kb and the linear and circular plasmids range from 9 to 62 kb, which all encode 853 genes. The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi was the third ever genome sequenced. Linear chromosomes are not common in bacteria, however, in Borrelia burgdorferi it seems to provide an advantage that has continued to allow the linear chromosome to persist. The Borrelia burgdorferi genetic sequence shows that the flagella are hidden between the two membranes compared to other organisms that have it externally radiating outward. The flagella are strategically positioned in order to provide Borrelia burgdorferi an advantage in hiding from the host immune system, as this is critical in its survival. | |||
Borrelia burgdorferi lacks the classic genes to synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, enzyme cofactors, and nucleotides. It takes advantage of its host and obtains these important materials. The inability to synthesize these things is likely lost in coevolution with ticks and other hosts. Additionally, Borrelia burgdorferi lacks the genes to use the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular biosynthesis. Borrelia burgdorferi however has the genes for and derives its energy from glycolysis and fermentation of sugars. | |||
Borrelia burgdorferi interacts with platelets, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and extracellular matrix when infecting a host. These interactions inhibit the proper function of various mechanisms in these infected areas. This leads to the symptoms of Lyme Disease. | |||
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.<br> | Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Revision as of 04:02, 18 April 2022
Overview
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial eubacterial phylum spirochaete and a tick borne parasite.[1] It is one of the known causative agents for Lyme Disease. Borrelia burgdorferi was named after Willy Burgdorfer who first isolated the bacteria in 1982. The spirochete is a flat wave shape that is commonly 0.3 micrometers in width and ranges from 5 to 20 micrometers in length. It has both an outer and inner membrane with a thin layer of peptidoglycan separating the membranes. Seven to eleven bundled periplasmic flagella reside within the membranes and allow the bacterium to move through a highly viscosity medium, which increases its virulence factor. The flagellar filaments wrap around the cell and rotate in order to help the flagellar motor propel the bacteria in a signature corkscrew motion. The doubling time of the bacteria ranges from 24 to 48 hours. Borrelia burgdorferi is different from common pathogenic bacteria because it lacks the common virulence factors like toxins, a specialized secretion system, and lipopolysaccharides. The bacteria lacks common biosynthetic abilities and heavily relies on its host for nutrients and other factors for its survival.
By Roya Best
At right is a sample image insertion. It works for any image uploaded anywhere to MicrobeWiki.
The insertion code consists of:
Double brackets: [[
Filename: PHIL_1181_lores.jpg
Thumbnail status: |thumb|
Pixel size: |300px|
Placement on page: |right|
Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC. Every image requires a link to the source.
Closed double brackets: ]]
Other examples:
Bold
Italic
Subscript: H2O
Superscript: Fe3+
Sample citations: [1]
[2]
A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.
To repeat the citation for other statements, the reference needs to have a names: "<ref name=aa>"
The repeated citation works like this, with a forward slash.[1]
Genetics
The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi is a linear chromosome with many smaller plasmids that are both linear and circular. The linear chromosome is about 950 kb and the linear and circular plasmids range from 9 to 62 kb, which all encode 853 genes. The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi was the third ever genome sequenced. Linear chromosomes are not common in bacteria, however, in Borrelia burgdorferi it seems to provide an advantage that has continued to allow the linear chromosome to persist. The Borrelia burgdorferi genetic sequence shows that the flagella are hidden between the two membranes compared to other organisms that have it externally radiating outward. The flagella are strategically positioned in order to provide Borrelia burgdorferi an advantage in hiding from the host immune system, as this is critical in its survival.
Borrelia burgdorferi lacks the classic genes to synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, enzyme cofactors, and nucleotides. It takes advantage of its host and obtains these important materials. The inability to synthesize these things is likely lost in coevolution with ticks and other hosts. Additionally, Borrelia burgdorferi lacks the genes to use the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular biosynthesis. Borrelia burgdorferi however has the genes for and derives its energy from glycolysis and fermentation of sugars.
Borrelia burgdorferi interacts with platelets, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and extracellular matrix when infecting a host. These interactions inhibit the proper function of various mechanisms in these infected areas. This leads to the symptoms of Lyme Disease.
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Every point of information REQUIRES CITATION using the citation tool shown above.
Lyme Disease- Overview
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Transmission
Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Life Cycle
Stages and Symptoms
Evasion and Detection
Treatment
Prevention
Vaccines
Conclusion
References
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2022, Kenyon College
