Cryphonectria parasitica: Difference between revisions
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''Cryphonectria parasitica'' is a deadly fungus originally found on American chestnut trees outside the chestnut's native range. ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' was first observed in the New York City Zoo in 1904 and became known as the "chestnut blight." Originally taxonomically known as ''Diaporthe parasitica'', the fungus was later reclassified into the genus Endothia and finally named ''Cryphonectria parasitic''. This foreign pathogen brings deadly disaster. Its emergence has resulted in the American chestnut becoming the dominant species in the forest canopy of North America, while in Europe, some special chestnut populations such as Castanea sativa Mill. have brought near-extinction hazards. This pattern of introduced fungal pathogens wreaking havoc on tree species has persisted, with ash dieback (caused by ''Hymenoscyphus fraxineus'') in Europe being the most recent example (Gross et al. 2014). It is worth noting that chestnut wilt has attracted attention due to its hypovirulence phenomenon, in which viral infection weakens the virulence of the pathogen, providing a basis for biological control of the disease. In addition, conservation breeding efforts aim to restore the American chestnut to its status as an important forest species. | ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' is a deadly fungus originally found on American chestnut trees outside the chestnut's native range. ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' was first observed in the New York City Zoo in 1904 and became known as the "chestnut blight." Originally taxonomically known as ''Diaporthe parasitica'', the fungus was later reclassified into the genus Endothia and finally named ''Cryphonectria parasitic''. This foreign pathogen brings deadly disaster. Its emergence has resulted in the American chestnut becoming the dominant species in the forest canopy of North America, while in Europe, some special chestnut populations such as Castanea sativa Mill. have brought near-extinction hazards. This pattern of introduced fungal pathogens wreaking havoc on tree species has persisted, with ash dieback (caused by ''Hymenoscyphus fraxineus'') in Europe being the most recent example (Gross et al. 2014). It is worth noting that chestnut wilt has attracted attention due to its hypovirulence phenomenon, in which viral infection weakens the virulence of the pathogen, providing a basis for biological control of the disease. In addition, conservation breeding efforts aim to restore the American chestnut to its status as an important forest species. | ||
==Genome structure== | |||
Both ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' mycoreoviruses (CpMYRV-1 and CpMYRV-2) consist of 11 genome segments categorized under Group 1. Despite sharing this structural similarity, they exhibit only around 29% amino acid sequence identity in the capping enzyme, affirming their classification as distinct species. | |||
The complete genome of ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' mycoreovirus-1 (CpMRV-1) spans 23,436 base pairs (bp), with the length of individual segments varying between 732 bp and 4,127 bp. This results in a distinctive electrophoretic profile, exhibiting a pattern of 3, 3, 2, 3 segments when analyzed using either 11% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or 1% agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). | |||
Revision as of 23:04, 14 April 2024
Classification
Higher order taxa
Domain: Fungus Kingdom: Fungus Phylum: Ascomycetes Class: Sordariomycete Order: Diaporthales Family: Cryphonectriaceae Genus: Cryphonectria Species: Cryphonectria parasitica
Species
Cryphonectria parasitica
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Description and significance
Cryphonectria parasitica is a deadly fungus originally found on American chestnut trees outside the chestnut's native range. Cryphonectria parasitica was first observed in the New York City Zoo in 1904 and became known as the "chestnut blight." Originally taxonomically known as Diaporthe parasitica, the fungus was later reclassified into the genus Endothia and finally named Cryphonectria parasitic. This foreign pathogen brings deadly disaster. Its emergence has resulted in the American chestnut becoming the dominant species in the forest canopy of North America, while in Europe, some special chestnut populations such as Castanea sativa Mill. have brought near-extinction hazards. This pattern of introduced fungal pathogens wreaking havoc on tree species has persisted, with ash dieback (caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) in Europe being the most recent example (Gross et al. 2014). It is worth noting that chestnut wilt has attracted attention due to its hypovirulence phenomenon, in which viral infection weakens the virulence of the pathogen, providing a basis for biological control of the disease. In addition, conservation breeding efforts aim to restore the American chestnut to its status as an important forest species.
Genome structure
Both Cryphonectria parasitica mycoreoviruses (CpMYRV-1 and CpMYRV-2) consist of 11 genome segments categorized under Group 1. Despite sharing this structural similarity, they exhibit only around 29% amino acid sequence identity in the capping enzyme, affirming their classification as distinct species.
The complete genome of Cryphonectria parasitica mycoreovirus-1 (CpMRV-1) spans 23,436 base pairs (bp), with the length of individual segments varying between 732 bp and 4,127 bp. This results in a distinctive electrophoretic profile, exhibiting a pattern of 3, 3, 2, 3 segments when analyzed using either 11% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or 1% agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE).
