Domestic cat intestinal microbiome
Introduction
By Xinyi Liu
Felines have been domesticated for a long time, becoming cherished companions for humans. Similar to humans, they are colonized by bacteria during birth. When kittens are born, they are exposed to the external environment, leading to changes in their gut microbiota. After weaning, felines consume high-protein foods in large quantities, causing significant changes in the species composition and structure of their gut microbiota.[1]
By Alice Tillman
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an RNA retrovirus which attacks the immune system of the infected individual. There are two main strains of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the more prevalent and pathogenic of the two strains and therefore is the subject of most research, including this Wiki Page. Genetic sequencing techniques have revealed that HIV-1 and HIV-2 originated from separate cross-over transmission events from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys.[2] HIV belongs to a type of retroviruses which are called lentiviruses. Lentiviruses infect their hosts over a very long period of time and it can take years for symptoms to manifest. Over time, HIV can progress into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. HIV/AIDS is characterized by a decline in the number of CD4+ T-cells and an increased susceptibility to other infections.[3]
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Conclusion
References
- ↑ Lubbs, Dustin C. et al. "Dietary protein concentration affects intestinal microbiota of adult cats: a study using DGGE and qPCR to evaluate differences in microbial populations in the feline gastrointestinal tract.” Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 93 1 (2009): 113-21.
- ↑ Lemey, P., Pybus, O., Wang, B., Saksena, N., Salemi, M., Vandamme, A. Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic. Proceedings of National Academy Science USA. 2003, 100(11):6588-6592. doi:10.1073/pnas.0936469100
- ↑ Deeks, S., Overbaugh, J., Phillips, A., et al. HIV infection. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2015. 1, 15035. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.35
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski,at Kenyon College,2024
