Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and EBV-associated lymphomas: Difference between revisions

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By Yangyang Liu (Kenyon '23)
By Yangyang Liu (Kenyon '23)
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
[[Image:PHIL_22882_lores.jpg|thumb|300px|right|This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]]
[[Image:PHIL_22882_lores.jpg|thumb|300px|right|This illustration depicts the structure of the ubiquitous γ-herpes virus EBV. The photo credit for this image belongs to Ben Taylor [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Viral_Tegument.svg].]]


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, are a group within the Lymphocryptovirus genus of Herpesviridae family. EBV are double-stranded DNA virus that use RNA polymerase for mRNA synthesis based on their negative strand as the template. EBV Infection occurs through oral transfer of saliva as well as genital secretions and more than 90% of normal adults would gain adaptive immunity after their primary EBV infection. The remaining EBV virus would remain in an asymptomatic latent state for a lifetime within resting B-cells, and a healthy adult with working immune system would be able to contain the infection with the help of their cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), lymphocyte CD8+ and CD4+, and natural killer (NK) cells <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305910/#:~:text=Epstein%2DBarr%20virus%20(EBV),driven%20lymphoproliferative%20disorders%20and%20lymphomas</ref>. Only a small subset encountering life-threatening diseases due to them unable in maintaining the virus within the latent state. In an uncontrolled situation, EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas could develop with the patients. EBV associated cancers are an common example among the ~15% of all human cancers involving a virus infection <ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.456 </ref>.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, are a group within the Lymphocryptovirus genus of Herpesviridae family. EBV are double-stranded DNA virus that use RNA polymerase for mRNA synthesis based on their negative strand as the template. EBV Infection occurs through oral transfer of saliva as well as genital secretions and more than 90% of normal adults would gain adaptive immunity after their primary EBV infection. The remaining EBV virus would remain in an asymptomatic latent state for a lifetime within resting B-cells, and a healthy adult with working immune system would be able to contain the infection with the help of their cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), lymphocyte CD8+ and CD4+, and natural killer (NK) cells <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305910/#:~:text=Epstein%2DBarr%20virus%20(EBV),driven%20lymphoproliferative%20disorders%20and%20lymphomas</ref>. Only a small subset encountering life-threatening diseases due to them unable in maintaining the virus within the latent state. In an uncontrolled situation, EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas could develop with the patients. EBV associated cancers are an common example among the ~15% of all human cancers involving a virus infection <ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.456 </ref>.

Revision as of 12:55, 17 March 2021

By Yangyang Liu (Kenyon '23)

Introduction

This illustration depicts the structure of the ubiquitous γ-herpes virus EBV. The photo credit for this image belongs to Ben Taylor [1].

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, are a group within the Lymphocryptovirus genus of Herpesviridae family. EBV are double-stranded DNA virus that use RNA polymerase for mRNA synthesis based on their negative strand as the template. EBV Infection occurs through oral transfer of saliva as well as genital secretions and more than 90% of normal adults would gain adaptive immunity after their primary EBV infection. The remaining EBV virus would remain in an asymptomatic latent state for a lifetime within resting B-cells, and a healthy adult with working immune system would be able to contain the infection with the help of their cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), lymphocyte CD8+ and CD4+, and natural killer (NK) cells [1]. Only a small subset encountering life-threatening diseases due to them unable in maintaining the virus within the latent state. In an uncontrolled situation, EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas could develop with the patients. EBV associated cancers are an common example among the ~15% of all human cancers involving a virus infection [2].


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Stomach
Small Intestine
The Hologenome Theory of Evolution
Microbes and Animal Behavior
Intestinal Microflora and Antibiotic Resistance

References

  1. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305910/#:~:text=Epstein%2DBarr%20virus%20(EBV),driven%20lymphoproliferative%20disorders%20and%20lymphomas
  2. ↑ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.456
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  4. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2021, Kenyon College.

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