Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and EBV-associated lymphomas
By Yangyang Liu (Kenyon '23)
Introduction
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, are a group within the Lymphocryptovirus genus of the Herpesviridae family. EBVise double-stranded DNA viruses that use RNA polymerase for mRNA synthesis based on their negative-strand as the template. EBV Infection occurs through oral transfer of saliva as well as genital secretions and more than 90% of normal adults would gain adaptive immunity after their primary EBV infection. The remaining EBV virus would remain in an asymptomatic latent state for a lifetime within resting B-cells, and a healthy adult with a working immune system would be able to contain the infection with the help of their cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), lymphocyte CD8+ and CD4+, and natural killer (NK) cells [1]. Only a small subset encountering life-threatening diseases due to them unable in maintaining the virus within the latent state. In an uncontrolled situation, EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas could develop with the patients. EBV-associated cancers are a common example among the ~15% of all human cancers involving a virus infection [2].
Some of the most well-known illnesses that are caused by EBV are mononucleosis, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and numerous other types of cancer [3]. So far, there is limited success in antivirals development to combat EBV infection. With EBV’s putative role in carcinogenesis, it is important to learn about the mechanisms by which the virus alters host cell characteristics and thus evades the immune system of the hosts. This page investigates how different latency patterns of EBV infection could lead to numerous types of lymphoma, the role of EBV in rare EBV-associated NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, as well as possible treatment for EBV-T/NK-LPDs.
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Identifying Latency Patterns of EBV Infection
Section 2
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Conclusion
See Also
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Stomach
Small Intestine
The Hologenome Theory of Evolution
Microbes and Animal Behavior
Intestinal Microflora and Antibiotic Resistance
References
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305910/#:~:text=Epstein%2DBarr%20virus%20(EBV),driven%20lymphoproliferative%20disorders%20and%20lymphomas
- ↑ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.456
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415781/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2021, Kenyon College.
