Evolution of Dog Breeds

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Introduction

The evolution of dog breeds is an interesting story of human involvement in the domestication of a wild animal. The domestic dog is called Canis familiaris The artificial selection of dog breeds has led to diversity in size, conformation, and pelage seen today in domestic canines[1]. The dog evolved approximately 12,000-15,000 years ago when early humans domesticated animals and plants for farming during the Stone Age. There are different views on how dogs evolved- was their evolution due to humans selecting animals for domestication, or that the animals had to evolve because they were in a new ecological niche (co-existing with humans in a domestic setting) [2]? Through phylogenetic analysis of dog and gray wolf mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, it was found that domestic dog sequences are found in at least four distinct clades, implying a single origination event and at least three other origination or interbreeding events [3].

[4].

Domestic dogs are descendants of the gray wolf.




Genetics

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Microbiome

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Conclusion

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References

  1. ↑ C Vilá et. al."Phylogenetic relationships, evolution, and genetic diversity of the domestic dog." 1999.
  2. ↑ D. Morey. "The Early Evolution of the Domestic Dog." 1994.
  3. ↑ Ostrander et. al. "The Canine Genome." 2005.
  4. ↑ Leathlobhair et. al. "The Evolutionary History of Dogs in the Americas." 2014.


Edited by Tillie Wang, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2019, Kenyon College.

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