Gunnera Cyanobacteria symbiosis: Difference between revisions

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==<i>Cyanobacteria</i>==
==<i>Cyanobacteria</i>==


Cyanobacteria are the largest phylum of Gram-positive prokaryotes on earth. They are known for their ability to obtain energy through photosynthesis <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168945207003202?via%3Dihub Sinha, R. P., & Häder, D. P. (2008). UV-protectants in cyanobacteria. <i>Plant Science</i>, 174(3), 278-289.]</ref>. The ability to produce oxygen is believed to be an attribute to their success in evolution because the environment in which they were developing was otherwise occupied by anaerobic bacteria. For this reason, Cyanobacteria are attributed to causing the Great Oxidation Event where the earth first experienced a rise in the amount of oxygen <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4oJ_vi27s18C&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Whitton+BA,+ed.+(2012).+%22The+fossil+record+of+cyanobacteria%22.+Ecology+of+Cyanobacteria+II:+Their+Diversity+in+Space+and+Time.+Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media.+pp.+17%E2%80%93.+&ots=JG1mYJsMTT&sig=yuPO7pmok3mkSV5sDkrOn0uGc4U#v=onepage&q=Whitton%20BA%2C%20ed.%20(2012).%20%22The%20fossil%20record%20of%20cyanobacteria%22.%20Ecology%20of%20Cyanobacteria%20II%3A%20Their%20Diversity%20in%20Space%20and%20Time.%20Springer%20Science%20%26%20Business%20Media.%20pp.%2017%E2%80%93.&f=false Whitton, B. A. (Ed.). (2012). <i>Ecology of cyanobacteria II: their diversity in space and time</i>. Springer Science & Business Media.]</ref>.  
Cyanobacteria are the largest phylum of Gram-positive prokaryotes on earth. They are known for their ability to obtain energy through photosynthesis <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168945207003202?via%3Dihub Sinha, R. P., & Häder, D. P. (2008). UV-protectants in cyanobacteria. <i>Plant Science</i>, 174(3), 278-289.]</ref>. The ability to produce oxygen is believed to be an attribute to their success in evolution because the environment in which they were developing was otherwise occupied by anaerobic bacteria. For this reason, <i>Cyanobacteria</i> are attributed to causing the Great Oxidation Event where the earth first experienced a rise in the amount of oxygen <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4oJ_vi27s18C&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Whitton+BA,+ed.+(2012).+%22The+fossil+record+of+cyanobacteria%22.+Ecology+of+Cyanobacteria+II:+Their+Diversity+in+Space+and+Time.+Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media.+pp.+17%E2%80%93.+&ots=JG1mYJsMTT&sig=yuPO7pmok3mkSV5sDkrOn0uGc4U#v=onepage&q=Whitton%20BA%2C%20ed.%20(2012).%20%22The%20fossil%20record%20of%20cyanobacteria%22.%20Ecology%20of%20Cyanobacteria%20II%3A%20Their%20Diversity%20in%20Space%20and%20Time.%20Springer%20Science%20%26%20Business%20Media.%20pp.%2017%E2%80%93.&f=false Whitton, B. A. (Ed.). (2012). <i>Ecology of cyanobacteria II: their diversity in space and time</i>. Springer Science & Business Media.]</ref>.  




Revision as of 01:44, 8 November 2021

Gunnera

Gunnera manicata is one of 40-50 species in the Gunnera genus.[1].

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are the largest phylum of Gram-positive prokaryotes on earth. They are known for their ability to obtain energy through photosynthesis [1]. The ability to produce oxygen is believed to be an attribute to their success in evolution because the environment in which they were developing was otherwise occupied by anaerobic bacteria. For this reason, Cyanobacteria are attributed to causing the Great Oxidation Event where the earth first experienced a rise in the amount of oxygen [2].


Many species live in large colonies of cells ranging from hundreds to thousands of cells in a single colony [3]. These colonies are able to form filaments, sheets, or hollow spheres [4]. When too large, they can form harmful algal blooms that can cause great harm to the aquatic ecosystem and the surrounding area it is in [5].


Cyanobacteria are wide spread around the world, contributing to major global biogeochemical cycles like cellular death [6].

Gunnera and Cyanobacteria symbiosis

Include some current research, with a second image.

Conclusion

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References

  1. ↑ Sinha, R. P., & Häder, D. P. (2008). UV-protectants in cyanobacteria. Plant Science, 174(3), 278-289.
  2. ↑ Whitton, B. A. (Ed.). (2012). Ecology of cyanobacteria II: their diversity in space and time. Springer Science & Business Media.
  3. ↑ Tamulonis, C., Postma, M., & Kaandorp, J. (2011). Modeling filamentous cyanobacteria reveals the advantages of long and fast trichomes for optimizing light exposure. PLoS One, 6(7), e22084.
  4. ↑ Aguilera, A., Klemenčič, M., Sueldo, D. J., Rzymski, P., Giannuzzi, L., & Martin, M. V. (2021). Cell death in Cyanobacteria: current understanding and recommendations for a consensus on its nomenclature. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 416.
  5. ↑ Paerl, H. W., & Otten, T. G. (2013). Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: causes, consequences, and controls. Microbial ecology, 65(4), 995-1010.(Pearl and Otten)
  6. ↑ Aguilera, A., Klemenčič, M., Sueldo, D. J., Rzymski, P., Giannuzzi, L., & Martin, M. V. (2021). Cell death in Cyanobacteria: current understanding and recommendations for a consensus on its nomenclature. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 416.


Edited by Rachael Tomasko, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2021, Kenyon College.

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