Haliangium ochraceum: Difference between revisions
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
The habitat for Haliangium ochraceum is a marine, coastal, sand. The temperature range at which this microorganism exists is at 30 to 35 degrees. | The habitat for Haliangium ochraceum is a marine, coastal, sand. The temperature range at which this microorganism exists is at 30 to 35 degrees. | ||
Haliangium ochraceum has not been known to cause any disease within animals, plants, or humans. However, this microorganism is being researched for its ability to become a antifungal metabolite and antibiotic. Haliangicin is a beta-methoxyacrylate-type polyene antibiotic isolated from the unique marine myxobacterium Haliangium ochraceum. A further investigation of the extract of this microorganism has resulted in the isolation of haliangicin as well as its geometrical isomers.[Kundim,B.A., et.al] The major isomer, cis-haliangicin, is a cis isomer of the epoxide portion of haliangicin.[Kundim,B.A., et.al] | Haliangium ochraceum has not been known to cause any disease within animals, plants, or humans. However, this microorganism is being researched for its ability to become a antifungal metabolite and antibiotic. Haliangicin is a beta-methoxyacrylate-type polyene antibiotic isolated from the unique marine myxobacterium Haliangium ochraceum. A further investigation of the extract of this microorganism has resulted in the isolation of haliangicin as well as its geometrical isomers.[Kundim,B.A., et.al] The major isomer, cis-haliangicin, is a cis isomer of the epoxide portion of haliangicin.[Kundim,B.A., et.al] | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 1 April 2010
Classification
Bacteria, Proteobacteria, subdivisions: deltaproteobacteria, Myxococcales, Nannocystineae, Haliangiaceae, Haliangium, Haliangium ochraceum
Species
|
NCBI: Taxonomy |
Genus species: Halangium ochraceum DSM 14365, Halangium ochraceum SMP-2
Description and Significance
Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.
Genome Structure
Haliangium ochraceum is an aerobic, obligate halophilic Gram-negative myxobacterium isolated from seaweed collected from a sandy beach in Kanagawa, Japan. Myxobacteria are unicellular bacteria that are characterized by complicated multicellular behaviors, such as feeding, social movement, aggregation, and fruiting body formation, which make them highly unusual.
Properties: Presence of flagella: Yes Human pathogen: No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
(1.2 to 1.8 μm in diameter)
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
The cell structure for this microorganism is 0.5 to 0.6 um in length and 3 to 8 um in diameter. It is yellow in color, rod-shaped, motile, and is able to do sporulation for reproduction.
Haliangium ochraceum is a chemoorganotroph, it gains its energy through organic chemical processes.
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology and Pathogenesis
The habitat for Haliangium ochraceum is a marine, coastal, sand. The temperature range at which this microorganism exists is at 30 to 35 degrees.
Haliangium ochraceum has not been known to cause any disease within animals, plants, or humans. However, this microorganism is being researched for its ability to become a antifungal metabolite and antibiotic. Haliangicin is a beta-methoxyacrylate-type polyene antibiotic isolated from the unique marine myxobacterium Haliangium ochraceum. A further investigation of the extract of this microorganism has resulted in the isolation of haliangicin as well as its geometrical isomers.[Kundim,B.A., et.al] The major isomer, cis-haliangicin, is a cis isomer of the epoxide portion of haliangicin.[Kundim,B.A., et.al]
Also, there have been some novel findings, including the first actin in bacteria. Actin is a protein that forms a structural framework inside all eukaryotic cells, allowing cells to crawl and to arrange and move items around internally. Previously, the protein had been thought to exist only in eukaryotic cells. The survey found a structurally similar molecule in the marine bacterium Haliangium ochraceum. The authors hypothesize that the bacterium may use the actin-like protein to make a toxin that attacks other cells. [1]
H. ochraceum also contains hundreds of DNA repeats called CRISPR units. CRISPR is a recently discovered “immune system” that protects bacteria from viruses and other foreign DNA. The CRISPR array in H. ochraceum is by far the largest yet found. The microbes for the study were grown by a team led by Hans-Peter Klenk of the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (also known as the DSMZ). [2]
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
References
Kundim, B.A, Itou, Y., Sakagami, Y., Fudou, R., Iizuka, T., Yamanaka, S., and M. Ojika. (2003). "New haliangicin isomers, potent antifungal metabolites produced by a marine myxobacterium". The Journal of Antibiotic (Tokyo). 2003 Jul;56(7):630-638.
Fudou, R., Iizuka, T., and S. Yamanaka. (2001). "Haliangicin, a novel antifungal metabolite produced by a marine myxobacterium. 1. Fermentation and biological characteristics". The Journal of Antibiotic (Tokyo). 2001 Feb;54(2):149-152.
Zhang, Y.Q., Li, Y.Z., Wang, B., Wu ZH, Zhang, C.Y., Gong, X., Qiu, Z.J., and Y. Zhang. (2005). "Characteristics and living patterns of marine myxobacterial isolates". Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2005 Jun;71(6):3331-3336.
Fudou, R., Jojima, Y., Iizuka, T., and S. Yamanaka. (2002). "Haliangium ochraceum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Haliangium tepidum sp. nov.: Novel moderately halophilic myxobacteria isolated from coastal saline environments". General Applied Microbiology. 2002. Volume 48. Number 2. P. 109-115
Author
Page authored by Alyse Egner and Melissa Erickson, students of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.
