Hantaviruses: Old World vs. New World
Hantaviruses
By Raphael A. Melo
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Hantaviruses
Background
Hantaviruses belong to the viral family Bunyaviradae, of which there are five genera: bunyavirus, phlebovirus, nairovirus, tospovirus, and hantavirus (HTV). Bunyaviruses, phleboviruses, nairoviruses, and tospovirus, while hantaviruses use rodent vectors. Although there is no definitive number, there are around 35 known species of HTV that currently exist in the world, including both old-world and new-world strains. Hantaviruses are typically able to infect humans via urine and fecal matter of rodents (Clement et al., 2006). When bedding covered in rodent waste is disturbed, the waste particles become aerosolized and are able to be inhaled, potentially leading to infection (Clement et al., 2006). Most infections and outbreaks arise within conditions that allow for these particles to become aerosolized, such as during land development, agriculture, and urbanization (CDC, 2021). The first recorded strain was documented as the Hantaan strain, an Old-World variant, between 1951 and 1953 in Korea, and was the first species of many to be documented since. Infecting more than 3000 Korean soldiers during the Korean war, the Hantaan virus outbreak was located near the Hantan river, providing the virus with its name that would later represent all future variants (Mir, 2010). In regards to healthcare, there is no effective cure or treatment for HTV (CDC). Patients will typically receive a broad range of antibiotic therapies and supportive care while being closely monitored (CDC). In regards to treatment based on the type of HTV, there are generally different procedures and drugs administered based on whether or not the species of HTV is “Old World” or “New World."
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Section 4
Conclusion
References
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski,at Kenyon College,2024
