Helicobacter pylori: Difference between revisions
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The genome of ''Helicobacter pylori'' is circular and contains 1,667,867 base pairs, which 300 bp encodes for membrane proteins, and 1590 bp are predicted coding sequences. The analysis of the sequences specifies the diversity and the development of the organism. The genome contains sequences that encodes for the membrane proteins such as the F1F0 ATP synthase complex, and various oxidoreductases, such as cytochrome o, some transporters and 2 component signaling systems. Sequences show that ''H. pylori'' obtains a “well developed systems for motility, for scavenging iron, and for DNA restriction and modification.” [3] | The genome of ''Helicobacter pylori'' is circular and contains 1,667,867 base pairs, which 300 bp encodes for membrane proteins, and 1590 bp are predicted coding sequences. The analysis of the sequences specifies the diversity and the development of the organism. ''H. pylori'' sequences shows that the recombination and the clone between the strain linkage is uncertain, and the recombination is based on the repetitive DNA sequences that permits the high frequency deletion and duplication of the DNA. The genome contains sequences that encodes for the membrane proteins such as the F1F0 ATP synthase complex, and various oxidoreductases, such as cytochrome o, some transporters and 2 component signaling systems. Sequences show that ''H. pylori'' obtains a “well developed systems for motility, for scavenging iron, and for DNA restriction and modification.” [3] | ||
==Cell structure and metabolism== | ==Cell structure and metabolism== | ||
Revision as of 08:40, 3 June 2007
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Helicobacter pylori
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria (Domain); Proteobacteria (Phylum); Epsilon Proteobacteria (Class); Campylobacterales (Order); Helicobacteraceae (Family); Helicobacter (Genus)
Species
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Helicobacter pylori
Description and significance
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative organism that has a 'helical' shaped body with 6-8 flagella at one end. H. pylori is found in a very acidic environment, a pH of 2.0 or less. It is commonly found inside the lining of the stomach and duodenum. H. pylori can cause peptic ulcers and gastritis that can lead to gastric cancer and gastric MALT lymphoma (mucosa-associated lyphoid tissue).
It was first observed in 19th century that curved bacteria were living in the lining of the stomach, but growing and isolating the bacteria was neglected. H. pylori was discovered by Drs. Robin Warren and Barry Marshall in 1983 that this organism was related to peptic ulcers. They were able to culture the bacteria from the stomach, and conclude that H. pylori was the bacteria that caused peptic ulcers and gastritis.
Helicobacter pylori was initially named Campylobacter pylordis because under the microscopy, it showed similar appearances with the campylobacter, but after DNA sequencing, H.pylori was separated into its own genus Helicobacter in 1989. The Helicobacter reflects to the appearances of the organism, helical in vivo, but often rodlike in vitro.
Genome structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Does it have any plasmids? Are they important to the organism's lifestyle?
The genome of Helicobacter pylori is circular and contains 1,667,867 base pairs, which 300 bp encodes for membrane proteins, and 1590 bp are predicted coding sequences. The analysis of the sequences specifies the diversity and the development of the organism. H. pylori sequences shows that the recombination and the clone between the strain linkage is uncertain, and the recombination is based on the repetitive DNA sequences that permits the high frequency deletion and duplication of the DNA. The genome contains sequences that encodes for the membrane proteins such as the F1F0 ATP synthase complex, and various oxidoreductases, such as cytochrome o, some transporters and 2 component signaling systems. Sequences show that H. pylori obtains a “well developed systems for motility, for scavenging iron, and for DNA restriction and modification.” [3]
Cell structure and metabolism
Describe any interesting features and/or cell structures; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Ecology
Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
References
[1] Blaser, Martin J and Atherton, John C."Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease". J Clin Invest. 2004 February 1; 113(3): 321–333.
[2] NCBI Entrez Genome Project
[3] Tomb JF, White O, Kerlavage AR, Clayton RA, Sutton GG, Fleischmann RD, Ketchum KA, Klenk HP, Gill S, Dougherty BA, Nelson K, Quackenbush J, Zhou L, Kirkness EF, Peterson S, Loftus B, Richardson D, Dodson R, Khalak HG, Glodek A, McKenney K, Fitzegerald LM, Lee N, Adams MD, Hickey EK, Berg DE, Gocayne JD, Utterback TR, Peterson JD, Kelley JM, Cotton MD, Weidman JM, Fujii C, Bowman C, Watthey L, Wallin E, Hayes WS, Borodovsky M, Karp PD, Smith HO, Fraser CM, Venter JC. "The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori." Nature 1997. 388(6642): 515-6
Edited by Katherine Park student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano
