Lyme disease: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical features== | ==Clinical features== | ||
===Symptoms=== | ===Symptoms=== | ||
Symptoms of Lyme disease can develop in three stages. Stage 1 is the early localized stage which can occur 3-30 days after a tick bite (CDC, symptoms). The characteristic symptom of this stage is the bull's eye rash (erythema migrans) on the skin where the bite occurred. Only 70-80% of infected people get this rash and the rash can be delayed up to 30 days after the tick bite has occurred. These factors can lead to the disease being undiagnosed. Other symptoms of this stage typically include fatigue, chills, fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes. | |||
<br /><br />Stage 2 is the early disseminated stage which can occur days to weeks after the tick bite. After time has passed the bacteria can spread to various sites in the body which produces different symptoms in the host. Some of these symptoms include additional bull's eye rashes, facial or bell's palsy, severe headaches, meningitis, pain and swelling in joints, heart palpitations and dizziness. Meningitis could result from the bacteria spreading to the spinal cord and causing inflammation of the meninges. This is generally not fatal. | |||
<br /><br />Stage 3 is the late disseminated stage which can occur months to years after the tick bite. Patients that go without treatment may begin to have arthritis, with severe joint pain and swelling. Large joints are often effected in this type of arthritis. This stage occurs in approximately 60% of untreated patients. Up to 5% of untreated patients may develop chronic neurological complaints such as shooting pains, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, and problems with short-term memory. | |||
<br /><br />About 10% of patients that undergo antibiotic treatment develop post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Symptoms include muscle and joint pain, cognitive defects, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. This disease may be due to the host's immune response continuing after the infection has been cleared. | |||
===Morbidity and Mortality=== | ===Morbidity and Mortality=== | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Revision as of 20:27, 22 July 2013
Etiology/Bacteriology
Taxonomy
| Domain = Bacteria | Phylum = Spirochaetes | Class = Spirochaetia | Order = Spirochaetales | Family = Spirochaetaceae | Genus = Borrelia | species = burgdorferi
Description
Pathogenesis
Transmission
Infectious Dose, Incubation Period, and Colonization
Epidemiology
Virulence Factors
Clinical features
Symptoms
Symptoms of Lyme disease can develop in three stages. Stage 1 is the early localized stage which can occur 3-30 days after a tick bite (CDC, symptoms). The characteristic symptom of this stage is the bull's eye rash (erythema migrans) on the skin where the bite occurred. Only 70-80% of infected people get this rash and the rash can be delayed up to 30 days after the tick bite has occurred. These factors can lead to the disease being undiagnosed. Other symptoms of this stage typically include fatigue, chills, fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
Stage 2 is the early disseminated stage which can occur days to weeks after the tick bite. After time has passed the bacteria can spread to various sites in the body which produces different symptoms in the host. Some of these symptoms include additional bull's eye rashes, facial or bell's palsy, severe headaches, meningitis, pain and swelling in joints, heart palpitations and dizziness. Meningitis could result from the bacteria spreading to the spinal cord and causing inflammation of the meninges. This is generally not fatal.
Stage 3 is the late disseminated stage which can occur months to years after the tick bite. Patients that go without treatment may begin to have arthritis, with severe joint pain and swelling. Large joints are often effected in this type of arthritis. This stage occurs in approximately 60% of untreated patients. Up to 5% of untreated patients may develop chronic neurological complaints such as shooting pains, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, and problems with short-term memory.
About 10% of patients that undergo antibiotic treatment develop post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Symptoms include muscle and joint pain, cognitive defects, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. This disease may be due to the host's immune response continuing after the infection has been cleared.
Morbidity and Mortality
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Risk Avoidance
Immunization
Host Immune Response
References
Created by {Halen Borron}, students of Tyrrell Conway at the University of Oklahoma.
