Marinomonas artica
Classification
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Oceanospirillales; Oceanospirillaceae; Marinomonass [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]
Species
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NCBI: [1] |
Marinomonas artica
Description and Significance
Marinomonas artica is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, and novel psychrotolerant bacteria that was first isolated from sea-ice just off the Canadian Basin of the Artic Ocean.
Psychrotolerant organisms like Marinomonas artica, are able to thrive in cold environments, degrading organic material and releasing necessary nutrients into the environment. They are also a great model organism to study to further our knowledge about psychrotolerant organisms, and just how they operate and survive in these harsh conditions.
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
- 4.5 Mb - 1 chromosome Chunming et al. 2014
- the genome of marinanmonas artic is vastly understudied, however one of it's relatives https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577112/ is known to have a circular genome
[still searching for info on]
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
While the research of the Marinomonas genus and M. artica in particular is not vast, we do know a few key components of its structure along with how it metabolizes and thrives in its environment.
Marinomonas artica, along with many others of its Marinomonas genus, is a curved-rod-shaped bacterial cell with a flagellum that allows it to move about its icy and marine environment. It is about 0.3–0.4×1.2–2.6 μm in size and grows aerobically and produces catalase and cytochrome oxidase as a byproduct. Another component that protects M. artica and provides tolerance to the harsh sea ice it lives in is the major phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, it possesses. These phospholipids, along with many other fatty acids, regulate transportation in the cell and the processing of proteins (Zhang et al., 2008).
In contrast to its phylogenetic relatives, M. artica only uses a variety of carbon compounds as its sole source of energy. Though carbon compounds are M. artica's only energy source, the range of compounds are extremely broad and are named as followed: glucose, mannitol, d-mannose, sucrose, d-sorbitol, d-arabinose, l-rhamnose, maltose, fructose, d-galactose, erythritol, melibiose, glycerol, cellobiose, raffinose, xylose, melezitose, trehalose, l-proline, l-alanine, l-histidine, gluconate, malate and phenylacetic acid (Zhang et al., 2008).
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.<be>
- icy and low-temperature environments
- can survive high salinity environments
- degrades organic materials so it can be taken up by smaller bacteria and organisms
- nothing found on symbiosis yet
- not much understood about their ecological role yet
- does not reduce nitrate or produce hydrogen sulfide
- Marinomonas primoryensis were first isolated from coastal sea ice in the sea of Japan
- with optimum growth at 25–27 °C and at approximately pH 6.0–9.0. Growth occurs in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl.
Marinomonas artica has not been show to cause disease.
References
Chunming, D., Xiuhua, B., Qiliang, L., Yarong, X., Xin, C., and Zongze, S. "Draft Genome Sequence of Marinomonas sp. Strain D104, a polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium from the Deep-Sea Sediment of the Artic Ocean." American Society for Microbiology Journals. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01211-13
Yong, Y., Huirong, L., Yinxin, Z., and Bo, C. "Extracellular enzymes of cold-adapted bacteria from Artic sea ice, Canada Basin". Polar Biol. 32, 1539–1547 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0654-x
Zhang DC, Li HR, Xin YH, Liu HC, Chen B, Chi ZM, Zhou PJ, Yu Y. Marinomonas arctica sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the Arctic. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008 Jul;58(Pt 7):1715-8. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.65737-0. PMID: 18599722.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0210
https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/134354 [figuring out how to cite]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577112/
Author
Page authored by Holly Stogner, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.
