Meiothermus

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Figure 1. Meiothermus silvanus. Image from Mark Kolari at the University of Helsinki [1]

Classification

Domain: Bacteria, Phylum: Deinococcus-Thermus, Class: Deinococci, Order: Thermales, Family: Thermaceae

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

• Meiothermus chiliarophilus

• Meiothermus cerbereus

• Meiothermus granaticius

• Meiothermus rosaceus

• Meiothermus ruber

• Meiothermus rufus

• Meiothermus silvanus

• Meiothermus taiwanensis

• Meiothermus timidus

Description and Significance

Figure 2. Microbial "slime" found in paper machines. Image from Marko Kolari at the University of Helsinki [2]

Before the recognition of the genus Meiothermus, the species under the genus Thermus were designated as either high or low-temperature species. The proposal of a new genus Meiothermus in 1996 was made to designate the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic distinctiveness of the species that have low optimum growth temperatures. Meiothermus indicates an organism living in a "less-hot" place [1]. The cells are 0.5 to 0.8 μm in diameter and cell length is variable - often forming short filaments. The colonies that form vary from red to yellow pigment and are often found in hydrothermal vents.

Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Figure 3. "A: Electron micrograph of Meiothermus ruber forming a short filaments, B: Electron micrograph Meiothermus silvanus forming as individual cells". Image from Dr. Manfred Rohde of the Helmholz for Infection Research, Braunschweig [3]

Meiothermus, is a Gram-negative, aerobic microorganism that is variable in length - often forming short filaments. Its common orange appearance stems from the production of carotenoids via the metabolism of tepernoids and polyketides []. It is primarily an oxygenic chemoorganoheterotroph, but some species grow with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. As such, it utilizes such organic substrates such as starch, hexoses, pentoses, disaccharides, amino acids, and organic acids as both a carbon and energy source. The optimum growth conditions varies in a moderate temperature range (50-65°C) and alkaline environments (pH ~8.0).

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

References

[1] Nobre, M.F., Truper, H.G. and Da Costa, M.S. "Transfer of Thermus ruber (Loginova et al. 1984), T. silvanus (Tenreiro et al. 1995), and T. chiliarophilus (Tenreiro et al. 1995) to Meiothermus gen. nov. as Meiothermus ruber comb. nov., Me. silvanus comb. nov., and Me. chilarophilus comb. nov., respectively, and emendation of the genus Thermus". "International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology". 1996. Volume 56. p. 604-606.

[] Kanehisa Laboratories. "Carotenoid biosynthesis - Meiothermus ruber". 2011.

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

Author

Page authored by Michael Huarng and Steven Huynh, student of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.

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