Myxococcus xanthus - The Swarming Bacteria: Difference between revisions
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[[Image: Myxococcus.png|thumb|300px|right|This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]] | [[Image: Myxococcus.png|thumb|300px|right|This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the [http://www.cdc.gov/ CDC].]] | ||
<br>By [Patrick Nally] <br> | <br>By [Patrick Nally] <br> | ||
==Introduction== | |||
<br><i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> is a specific species of myxobacteria that are single celled but exist in “swarms” or “packs”. <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> are rod-shaped and are gram-negative. M. xanthus was discovered in 1892 by Roland Thaxter. <ref name=1>[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/326866 Thaxter, R On the Myxobacteriaceae, a new order of Schizomycetes. Botanical Gazette. 1892, 17:12, 389-406.]<ref/> M. xanthus are found in soil or any place plentiful with organic matter. They live best when the ph of the soil is around 7-8 and the temperature is around 30C. <ref name=2>[https://jb.asm.org/content/130/1/561.short Janssen GR, Wireman JW, Dworkin M Effect of temperature on the growth of Myxococcus xanthus. Journal of Bacteriology. 1977, 130(1) 561-562.]<ref/> M. xanthus is also a chemoorganotroph, which means they are organisms that oxidize the chemical bonds in organic compounds that they then use for energy. <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> live together by living in a small biofilm or slime sheet. <ref name=3>[https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F0-387-30747-8_3 Shimkets L.J., Dworkin M., Reichenbach H. (2006) The Myxobacteria. In: Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer KH., Stackebrandt E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY.]<ref/> They move as one in search of nutrients, but when nutrients are not immediately available the cells are able to transform and come together as one large mass in order to survive.<br> | |||
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<br>Myxococcus xanthus is a specific species of myxobacteria that are single celled but exist in “swarms” or “packs”. Myxococcus xanthus are rod-shaped and are gram-negative. The “swarm” travels together by connecting their pili to each other and coming together as one large mass. This mass of Myxococcus xanthus will break down any prey in its way. When prey is no longer available they do not travel as much and instead they build up to form a small, enclosed bubble that is able to sustain resources until food is available again. <br> | <br>Myxococcus xanthus is a specific species of myxobacteria that are single celled but exist in “swarms” or “packs”. Myxococcus xanthus are rod-shaped and are gram-negative. The “swarm” travels together by connecting their pili to each other and coming together as one large mass. This mass of Myxococcus xanthus will break down any prey in its way. When prey is no longer available they do not travel as much and instead they build up to form a small, enclosed bubble that is able to sustain resources until food is available again. <br> | ||
Sample citations: <ref name=aa>[http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000005&representation=PDF Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.]</ref> | Sample citations: <ref name=aa>[http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000005&representation=PDF Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.]</ref> | ||
<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref> | <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref> | ||
Revision as of 20:48, 7 April 2021
Section
File:Myxococcus.png
This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the CDC.
By [Patrick Nally]
Introduction
Myxococcus xanthus is a specific species of myxobacteria that are single celled but exist in “swarms” or “packs”. Myxococcus xanthus are rod-shaped and are gram-negative. M. xanthus was discovered in 1892 by Roland Thaxter. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title
[1]
A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.
To repeat the citation for other statements, the reference needs to have a names: "<ref name=aa>"
The repeated citation works like this, with a back slash.[2]
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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