Pedomicrobium manganicum

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Classification

• Domain: Bacteria
• Phylum: Proteobacteria
• Class: Alpha Proteobacteria
• Order: Rhizobiales
• Family: Hyphomicrobiaceae

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Pedomicrobium manganicum

Description and Significance

Pedomicrobium manganicum are hyphal budding bacterium. The structure of the bacterium is spherical with up to five hyphae per cell [2]. As a terrestrial extremophile, it inhabits particularly harsh environments such as desert rock surfaces in which it can be susceptible to massive variation in temperature as well as UV radiation. Desert rock surfaces are not the only environment it is found in. It can also be found in soils, water systems, and various aquatic systems as biofilms [5]. Pedomicrobium manganicum can be used for may bioremediation processes such as removing manganese from water purfication systems to the removal of uranium and radium from Uranium Mill Tailing Remedial Action Sites [5].

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Habitat: Pedomicrobium manganicum is an extremophile that lives on desert rocks and is also able to forms biofilms in aquatic environments.

Biogeochemical Significance: Pedomicrobium manganicum is known to oxidize Manganese. This species is also known to create Iron Oxide and Gold deposits.

Contributions to Environment: Aquatic sources of oxidized Manganese produced by Pedomicrobium manganicum can provide an essential source off usable Manganese for many animal species. Animals that have a lack of Manganese in their diet may experience reduced growth and reproductive function, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and skeletal abnormalities. Ingestion of excess Manganese may lead to Manganese toxicity which has neurological symptoms similar to the effects of Parkinson's disease. These symptoms only occur in high concentrations, about 14 mg/liter.

References

1. Watterson, John R. "Preliminary Evidence for the Involvement of Budding Bacteria in the Origin of Alaskan Placer Gold." Geology 20.April (1992): 315-18. GeoScienceWorld. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
2. R. "Enrichment, Isolation, and Emended Description of Pedomicrobium Ferrugineum Aristovskaya and Pedomicrobium Manganicum Aristovskaya." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 31.3 (1981): 302-16. IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. Web. 21 Apr. 2015.
3. Moore, R.L., The Biology of Hyphomicrobium and other Prosthecate, Budding Bacteria. Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 1981. 35: p. 567-594
4. Koelbel-Boelke, J.G., R., Hirsch, P., Genome size determinations for 33 strains of budding bacteria. . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1985. 35: p. 270-273.
5. Mackenzie, Ronald C. The Genome of the Desert Rock-surface Dwelling Bacterium Pedomicrobium Manganicum. N.p., n.d. Web.

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

1. Nielsen FH. Ultratrace minerals. In: Shils M, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999:283-303.
2. Keen CL, Zidenberg-Cherr S. Manganese. In: Ziegler EE, Filer LJ, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 7th ed. Washington D.C.: ILSI Press; 1996:334-343.
3. Kawamura R. Intoxication by manganese in well water. Kisasato Archives of Experimental Medicine. 1941;18:145-169.
4. Keen CL, Ensunsa JL, Watson MH, et al. Nutritional aspects of manganese from experimental studies. Neurotoxicology. 1999;20(2-3):213-223.

Author

Page authored by _____, student of Prof. Jay Lennon at IndianaUniversity.