Prevotella histicola: Difference between revisions

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===Prevotella histicola===


{{Microbial Phenomics Data
==Classification==
|Source DOI=10.1099/ijs.0.65656-0
 
|Family=Prevotellaceae
Domain:  Bacteria
|Genus=Prevotella
 
|Genus source text=Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T05-04T revealed this organism to belong to the genus Prevotella (Fig. 2)
Phylum:  Bacteroidetes
|Species=histicola
 
|Species source text=Prevotella histicola [his.ti9co.la. N.L. masc. n. histus (from Gr. histos) tissue; L. suffix -cola (from incola) inhabitant; N.L. fem./masc. n. histicola inhabitant of tissue].
Class:  Bacteroides
|Strain=T05-04
 
|Strain source text=The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (5DSM 19854T5CCUG 55407T).
Order:  Bacteroidales
|Genome size=0.7 X 0.8-3.0 um
 
|Genome size source text=Gram-negative bacilli that are 0.760.8–3.0 um in size.
Family:  Prevotellaceae
|Percent G plus C=43 mol%
 
|Percent G plus C source text=The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 43 mol%.  
Genus:  Prevotella
|Cell shape=bacillus
 
|Cell shape source text=Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral
Species:  histicola
|Pigments=variably
 
|Pigments source text=The results of the phenotypic tests can be viewed in table format as supplementary data (Supplementary Table S1) in IJSEM Online. Strains T05-04T, N12-20 and N19-30 were obligately anaerobic, non-motile, variably pigmenting, Gram-negative bacilli that were 0.7 mm wide by 0.8– 3.0 mm long (and occasionally up to 5 mm long). After 3 days incubation on FAA plates, colonies were 1.5– 2.0 mm in diameter, circular, entire, convex, cream and opaque with a solid non-translucent internal appearance when viewed under a plate microscope (Fig. 1a). Upon further incubation, strain N19-30 developed a deep reddish-brown pigment in the centre of the colony, forming a bull’s-eye appearance (Fig. 1b). Strains T05- 04T and N12-20 remained unpigmented even after 2 weeks incubation on FAA with 5 % rabbit blood. However, in the presence of a metronidazole disc (5 mg; Oxoid), strains T05-04T and N12-20 formed some black-pigmented colonies around the edge of the zone of growth inhibition on FAA (Fig. 1c). When these pigmented colonies were subcultured they retained their black pigmentation even in the absence of metronidazole (Fig. 1d).
[1]
|cell wall=Gram-negative
 
|Cell wall source text=Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral
==Introduction:  Description and significance==
|motility=non motile
Prevotella histicola are Gram-negative bacilli that are obligately anaerobic, vary in pigmentation and are non-motile. Prevotella histicola is found in the mucosal tissues of the human oral cavity and is considered a normal flora of the human oral microbiota.[2]  It is generally commensal but are known to intrude the epithelial cells lining the cheeks. The human oral cavity is the threshold to the human body. Energy, food, enters the mouth, is broken down and is mixed with saliva prior to traveling through the remainder of the body. This aids in the possibility of spreading the bacteria from the mouth to other parts of the body. Prevotella is the largest genus, with approximately fifty species.[5]  The Prevotella species are affiliated with many oral diseases and certain infections found in other areas of the human body.[2][3]  The human oral cavity consist of many different habitats, including teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome is comprised of over six hundred prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats.[5]
|Motility source text=Cells are obligately anaerobic, non-motile, variably pig- menting,
 
|habitat=mucosal tissue from the human oral cavity
==Habitat==
|Habitat source text=were isolated from mucosal tissue from the human oral cavity.
Prevotella histicola is found living in the dental plaque of the mouth.  Dental plaque is simply the colonization of a microbial community on the teeth in the form of a biofilm. Dental plaque is thought to be beneficial to the host as it may aid in fighting off pathogens. It also may contribute to pathogenesis. More research is needed to draw more conclusions.[7]
|oxygen use=anaerobic
 
|Oxygen use source text=Cells are obligately anaerobic, non-motile, variably pig- menting,  
==Behavior==
|host=Human oral cavity
Prevotella histicola grows well at 37 degrees Celsius. This particular strain is found living in the dental plaque of humans.  While this strain of Prevotella is considered to be commensal, other strains of Prevotella are known to act as opportunistic pathogens, often penetrating tissues and establishing an infection of mucosal surfaces.[2]
|Host source text=Prevotella species constitute part of the commensal oral microbiota in humans and are also associated with various oral diseases and infections at other body sites. The oral mucosa is heavily colonized with bacteria, and bacteria are known to invade the epithelial cells lining the cheeks (Rudney et al., 2005).
 
|Fermentation products=acetic acid and succinct acid
==Genome Structure Phylogeny==
|Fermentation products source text=Prevotella histicola is saccharolytic and produces acetic acid and succinic acid as major end products of fermentation and trace to minor amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid.  
At this time little is known about Prevotella histicola.  The most recent research reveals a genome size of 0.7 wide by 0.8-3.0 um long (and occasionally up to 5 um long) while after three days incubation, colonies are 1.5-2.0mm in diameter, circular, entire, convex, cream-coloured and opaque.[2]  Some strains produce black colonies in the presence of metronidazole and other strains form bull's-eye colonies with reddish-brown pigmentation in the centers.[2]
|Peer review ready=No
 
|Peer review complete=No
==Metabolism (energy & carbon source)==
}}
Cells are saccharolytic and are able to ferment fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, raffinose and sucrose.[2]  Major amounts of acetic acid and succinic acid and trace to minors amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid are produced as end products of metabolism in peptone/yeast extract/glucose broth.[2]
 
==Strain Information==
The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T)[2]
http://www.straininfo.net/strains/842262;jsessionid=8573FE8E465D1173B6BC26CE22061091.straininfo2
 
==References==
1.  http://www.homd.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=HOMD&file=index&oraltaxonid=298&view=dynamic#editanchor
 
2.  Downes et al. Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2008; 58 (8): 1788 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65656-0
http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/58/8/1788
 
3.  Rudney, J. D., Chen, R. & Zhang, G.  (2005).  Steptococci dominate the diverse flora within buccal cells. J Dent Res 84, 1165-1171.
 
4.  http://www.straininfo.net/strains/842262;jsessionid=8573FE8E465D1173B6BC26CE22061091.straininfo2
 
5.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944498/
 
6.  Avguštin, G., A. Ramšak, and M. Peterka. 2001. Systematics and Evolution of Ruminal Species of the GenusPrevotella. Folia Microbiologica, 46(1): 40-44.
7.  http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/6/S1/S14
 
 
Edited by (Shayron Minish Yeaw), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine
 
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Latest revision as of 22:53, 12 March 2014

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Prevotella histicola

Classification

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Bacteroidetes

Class: Bacteroides

Order: Bacteroidales

Family: Prevotellaceae

Genus: Prevotella

Species: histicola

[1]

Introduction: Description and significance

Prevotella histicola are Gram-negative bacilli that are obligately anaerobic, vary in pigmentation and are non-motile. Prevotella histicola is found in the mucosal tissues of the human oral cavity and is considered a normal flora of the human oral microbiota.[2] It is generally commensal but are known to intrude the epithelial cells lining the cheeks. The human oral cavity is the threshold to the human body. Energy, food, enters the mouth, is broken down and is mixed with saliva prior to traveling through the remainder of the body. This aids in the possibility of spreading the bacteria from the mouth to other parts of the body. Prevotella is the largest genus, with approximately fifty species.[5] The Prevotella species are affiliated with many oral diseases and certain infections found in other areas of the human body.[2][3] The human oral cavity consist of many different habitats, including teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome is comprised of over six hundred prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats.[5]

Habitat

Prevotella histicola is found living in the dental plaque of the mouth. Dental plaque is simply the colonization of a microbial community on the teeth in the form of a biofilm. Dental plaque is thought to be beneficial to the host as it may aid in fighting off pathogens. It also may contribute to pathogenesis. More research is needed to draw more conclusions.[7]

Behavior

Prevotella histicola grows well at 37 degrees Celsius. This particular strain is found living in the dental plaque of humans. While this strain of Prevotella is considered to be commensal, other strains of Prevotella are known to act as opportunistic pathogens, often penetrating tissues and establishing an infection of mucosal surfaces.[2]

Genome Structure Phylogeny

At this time little is known about Prevotella histicola. The most recent research reveals a genome size of 0.7 wide by 0.8-3.0 um long (and occasionally up to 5 um long) while after three days incubation, colonies are 1.5-2.0mm in diameter, circular, entire, convex, cream-coloured and opaque.[2] Some strains produce black colonies in the presence of metronidazole and other strains form bull's-eye colonies with reddish-brown pigmentation in the centers.[2]

Metabolism (energy & carbon source)

Cells are saccharolytic and are able to ferment fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, raffinose and sucrose.[2] Major amounts of acetic acid and succinic acid and trace to minors amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid are produced as end products of metabolism in peptone/yeast extract/glucose broth.[2]

Strain Information

The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T)[2] http://www.straininfo.net/strains/842262;jsessionid=8573FE8E465D1173B6BC26CE22061091.straininfo2

References

1. http://www.homd.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=HOMD&file=index&oraltaxonid=298&view=dynamic#editanchor

2. Downes et al. Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2008; 58 (8): 1788 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65656-0 http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/58/8/1788

3. Rudney, J. D., Chen, R. & Zhang, G. (2005). Steptococci dominate the diverse flora within buccal cells. J Dent Res 84, 1165-1171.

4. http://www.straininfo.net/strains/842262;jsessionid=8573FE8E465D1173B6BC26CE22061091.straininfo2

5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944498/

6. Avguštin, G., A. Ramšak, and M. Peterka. 2001. Systematics and Evolution of Ruminal Species of the GenusPrevotella. Folia Microbiologica, 46(1): 40-44.

7. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/6/S1/S14


Edited by (Shayron Minish Yeaw), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine

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