Pygmy Tarsier Evolutioin

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Introduction

Tarsius pumilus, often called the pygmy or mountain tarsier, is a small primate native to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. [1] Mountain tarsiers are set apart from the other species in their genus by their long fur, elongated incisors, and nails on their hands and feet that resemble claws. These adaptations help the animals survive in the cold forests they inhabit; their incisors are used for grooming while the claws enhance their grip on the rough trees they seek shelter in. [2] The animals of the genus Tarsius are known for their extremely large ears and eyes, two to three pairs of nipples, their carnivorous diet, and their long tarsal bones (the source of their name). [3] The pygmy tarsier's ears are uniquely smaller than other members of the genus, but they can still move and fold their ears [4] to enhance their already incredible hearing. Some species of tarsier can hear above 90 kHz [5], an adaptation that enhances their nocturnal lifestyle. Their notable eyes are massive, often outweighing their brains and lacking a tapetum lucidum, or "eyeshine." This keeps their location hidden, since there is no eye reflection to betray their position to predators. [6] Pygmy tarsiers were thought to be extinct until they were re-discovered in 2008, for the first time in 70 years. [7] The phylogenetic placement of the genus Tarsius is widely debated, and many researchers have undertaken genetic experiments to identify their position in relation to other primates.



The large eyes of the tarsier are one of their most notable features, although their eyeballs cannot rotate.[1].


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Section 1 Genetics

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Section 2 Microbiome

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Edited by [Author Name], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2021, Kenyon College.