Soil Health

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Introduction

The Living Soil

Soil Quality vs. Soil Health

Definitions and Indicators

FAO

The FAO takes a global approach to soil health and maintains databases of soil health assessments for soils worldwide [1]. Soils can be assessed using either an absolute framework or a relative framework. The absolute definition of soil health compares a given soil to a set of ideal properties, whereas the relative definition takes into account the current use of that soil. A degraded soil under sparse vegetation might have low soil health on the absolute scale, but may score well on the relative scale since the soil properties support the existing ecosystem (FAO, 2016b).

NRCS

Beyond Existing Indicators: Incorporating Soil Biology

Soil Health and Agriculture

Physical Disturbances

Inputs

Water Availability

Crop Rotation

Mitigation

Microbes and Soil Disease Suppression: A Case for Soil Health

Current Research

References

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Brookes, P. C. (1995). The use of microbial parameters in monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19(4), 269–279. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336094

FAO. (2016a). Global Soil Health. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/global-soil-health-indicators-and-assessment/global-soil-health/en/

FAO. (2016b). Global Soil Health Indicators and Assessment. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/global-soil-health-indicators-and-assessment/en/

FAO. (2016c). Management and Natural Processes affecting the biological and chemical aspects of soils. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/global-soil-health-indicators-and-assessment/soil-heath-biological-and-chemical/en/

FAO. (2016d). Management and Natural Processes affecting the physical aspects of soils. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/global-soil-health-indicators-and-assessment/soil-heath-physical/en/

Ghorbani, R., Wilcockson, S., Koocheki, A., & Leifert, C. (2009). Soil Management for Sustainable Crop Disease Control: A Review. Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants, 1, 177-201. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9654-9_10

Kibblewhite, M. G., Ritz, K., & Swift, M. J. (2008). Soil health in agricultural systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 363(September 2007), 685–701. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2178

LeBissonnais, Y. (1996). Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility .1. Theory and methodology. European Journal of Soil Science, 47(4), 425–437.

Martens, D.A., & W.T. Frankenburger, Jr. (1992). Decomposition of bacterial polymers in soil and their influence on soil structure. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 13, 65–73.

Qiu, M., Li, S., Zhou, X., Cui, X., Vivanco, J. M., Zhang, N., . . . Zhang, R. (2014). De-coupling of root-microbiome associations followed by antagonist inoculation improves rhizosphere soil suppressiveness. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50(2), 217-224. doi:10.1007/s00374-013-0835-1

Romig, D. E., Garlynd, M. J., Harris, R. F., & McSweeney, K. (1995). How farmers assess soil health and quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 50(3), 229–236.

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Sylvia, D. M., Fuhrmann, J. J., Hartel, P. G., & Zuberer, D. A. (2005). Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Principles-and-Applications-of-Soil-Microbiology/9780130941176.page

Waring, S. A., & J. M. Bremner. (1964). Ammonium production in soil under waterlogged conditions as an index of nitrogen availability. Nature, 201, 951–952.

Wichern, J., Wichern, F., & Joergensen, R. G. (2006). Impact of salinity on soil microbial communities and the decomposition of maize in acidic soils. Geoderma, 137(1-2), 100–108. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.001

Wisconsin Soil Health Scorecard. (1994). Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Wright, S.F., & A. Upadhyaya. (1998). A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil, 198, 97–107.

Wu, Q., Cao, M., Zou, Y., & X. He. (2014). Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange. Scientific Reports 4:5823.

Bot, A., & Benites, J. (2005). The importance of soil organic matter. FAO Soils Bulletin. doi:10.1080/03650340214162 Geisseler, D., & Scow, K. M. (2014). Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms - A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 75, 54–63. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.023 Ongley, E. D. (1996). Chapter 3. Fertilizers as water pollutants. Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 55, 37–52. Podmore, C. (2009). Irrigation salinity – causes and impacts. NSW Government: Industry & Investment Review, 1(October), 2007–2010. Spanner, J. (2015). Healthy soils are the basis for healthy food production. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4405e.pdf

FAO. (2002). Crops and Drops: Making the Best Use of Water for Agriculture. Retrieved March 01, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e.pdf

  1. (FAO, 2016a)