Syntrophomonas wolfei
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Syntrophomonas wolfei
Classification
Higher order taxa
Domain; Phylum; Class; Order; family
Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Syntrophomonadaceae; Syntrophomonas; Syntrophomonas wolfei; Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei (NCBI)
Species
Syntrophomonas wolfei
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Genus species
Description and significance
S.Wolfei is a syntrophic(for methanogenic enviroment with H2 using bacteria), anaerobic, nonphototrophic, bacterial prokaryote Its syntrophic nature was elucidated in its ability to grow in sterile conditions.
The importance of this organism is in its ability to B-oxidize fatty acids (4-8 carbons long)which is utilized in bioremediation. (see Ecology)
It can be isolated from anaerobic enviroments like aquatic sediment or sewage sludge.
Genome structure
prokaryote 2,936,195 nt (ncbi) circular 2642 genes (3 genes have been discovered to be integral for syntrophic nature of organism and related to bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris: DVU2103, DVU2104 and DVU2108) encoding for 2504 proteins. The entire genome is 82% coding.
Phylum Firmicutes indicates high or low GC content with S.wolfei GC content of 44%.
The most rapid generation time when cocultured was 54 h (with Desulfovibrio) and 84 h (with M. hungatei).
Cell structure and metabolism
S. Wolfei is classified under the Phylum Firmicutes, gram-negative bacteria.The existence of the gram negative multi layer was elucidated with growth inhibition by penicillin and increased sensitivity to lysis when treated with lysozyme. The membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) that predominated were the monounsaturated 16:1omega7c and 16:1omega9c and the saturated 16:0 and 14:0. It takes a slightly helical shape with two to eight flagella attached to the concave side of the cell.
S.wolfei is saturated fatty acid-beta-oxidizing anaerobe. It requires syntrophy with H2 using bacteria. It metabolizes butyrate through octanoate to acetate or acetate and propionate to which protons is utilized as the electron sink. Common metabolites like carbohydrates, alcohols, proteinaceous materials, and other organic materials did not support growth.
"Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei grew poorly in a defined medium with crotonate as the energy source in the absence of rumen fluid. Thiamine, lipoic acid, biotin, cyanocobalamin, and para-aminobenzoic acid were required for growth comparable to that obtained with the rumen fluid-based medium. Iron and cobalt were also required for the growth of S. wolfei in the chemically defined medium." (Beaty PS, McInerney MJ.)
Ecology
Syntrophic organism.
Spore forming (no endospore-forming). Subspecies differ in utilization of substrates (i.e. Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. methylbutyratica). Contribute to break down of saturated fatty acids 4-8 carbons long.
Utilized for degradation of contaminants for bioremediation.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
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References
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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 April; 41(4): 1029-1039
Syntrophomonas wolfei gen. nov. sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Syntrophic, Fatty Acid-Oxidizing Bacterium
M. J. McInerney1,2,, M. P. Bryant1,2, R. B. Hespell1 and J. W. Costerton3
Beaty PS, McInerney MJ, "Applied and Enviromental microbiology". 1990 Oct;56(10):3223-3224.
Edited by student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano
