Tomaio L Pseudomonas fluorescens: Difference between revisions

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===Species===
===Species===


''Genus species''


Genus: Pseudomonas
Genus: Pseudomonas


Species: P. lini
Species: Pseudomonas Fluorescens
Binomial name
Pseudomonas lini


==Habitat Information ==
==Habitat Information ==
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   * Aerobic
   * Aerobic
  *  Motile


   * Nonspore-forming
   * Nonspore-forming


  * Positive catalase test
'''Test Results'''
 
  * Negative catalase test (this result is questionable)
   * Positive oxidase test
   * Negative oxidase test (this result is questionable)
 
 
Other characteristics that tend to be associated with Pseudomonas species (with some exceptions) include secretion of pyoverdine, a fluorescent yellow-green siderophore[12] under iron-limiting conditions. Certain Pseudomonas species may also produce additional types of siderophore, such as pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa[13] and thioquinolobactin by Pseudomonas fluorescens,.[14] Pseudomonas species also typically give a positive result to the oxidase test, the absence of gas formation from glucose, glucose is oxidised in oxidation/fermentation test using Hugh and Leifson O/F test, beta hemolytic (on blood agar), indole negative, methyl red negative, Voges–Proskauer test negative, and citrate positive.
 
Pseudomonas may be the most common nucleator of ice crystals in clouds, thereby being of utmost importance to the formation of snow and rain around the world.


  *  Positive EMB for G- growth
  *  Positive EMB for lactose fermentation
  *  Positive MAC for G- growth
  *  Positive HE for G- growth
  *  Positive arganine decarboxylation test
  *  Positive Blood Agar test
  *  Positive Urea test
  *  VP test was questionable




'''Antimicrobial activity :'''
'''Antimicrobial activity :'''
Being Gram-negative bacteria, most Pseudomonas spp. are naturally resistant to penicillin and the majority of related beta-lactam antibiotics, but a number are sensitive to piperacillin, imipenem, ticarcillin, or ciprofloxacin.[17] Aminoglycosides such as tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin are other choices for therapy.


This ability to thrive in harsh conditions is a result of their hardy cell walls that contain porins. Their resistance to most antibiotics is attributed to efflux pumps, which pump out some antibiotics before they are able to act.
Most Psuedomonas species are penicillin resistant, so other choices for treatment might include Ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, imipenem or piperacillin.  This resistance is due to their cell walls which contain prions. [1]


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical relevance. One of its most worrying characteristics is its low antibiotic susceptibility.[18] This low susceptibility is attributable to a concerted action of multidrug efflux pumps with chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., mexAB-oprM, mexXY, etc.,[19]) and the low permeability of the bacterial cellular envelopes. Besides intrinsic resistance, P. aeruginosa easily develops acquired resistance either by mutation in chromosomally encoded genes or by the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants. Development of multidrug resistance by P. aeruginosa isolates requires several different genetic events that include acquisition of different mutations and/or horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Hypermutation favours the selection of mutation-driven antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains producing chronic infections, whereas the clustering of several different antibiotic resistance genes in integrons favours the concerted acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants. Some recent studies have shown phenotypic resistance associated to biofilm formation or to the emergence of small-colony-variants may be important in the response of P. aeruginosa populations to antibiotic treatment.
'''My Results'''
Ceftazidine proved very effective
Clove and tea tree oil very effective


==Genome Structure==
==Genome Structure==
Describe the size and content of the genome.  How many chromosomes?  Circular or linear?  Other interesting features?  What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain DH-27 16S Ribosomal


Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain DH-27 165 Ribosomal
Long Circular chromosome


Max score: 1291
Max score: 1291
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==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==
==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==


Pseudomonas fluorescens produces phloroglucinol, phloroglucinol carboxylic acid and diacetylphloroglucinol.
P. fluorescens is an anerobe and uses sideophores when its iron levels are low. when the sidephores are being activated this is what gives off the fluorescent color. [3]
Biodegradation capacities
 
4-Hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase is an enzyme found in P. fluorescens that transform piceol, NADPH, H+ and O2 into 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate, NADP+ and H2O.


==Physiology and Pathogenesis==
==Physiology and Pathogenesis==


Pseudomonas fluorescens may be useful in protecting plants from fungus and nemotade attacks.
Pseudomonas fluorescens may be useful in protecting plants from fungus and nemotade attacks.[2]  P. fluorescens can be found in soil, water and plant surfaces.  It is well suited to survive in mineral content soil and is being studied for its use for biocontrol in agriculture.  Monsanto has detected the natural pesticide abilities and has even spliced P. fluorescens with Ecoli and added another gene to create a constant glow from the modified bugs to help track and prove that these bugs would not spread uncontrollable if used as a pesticide in the fields. [5]


By culturing Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mupirocin (an antibiotic) can be produced, which has been found to be useful in treating skin, ear, and eye disorders.[19] Mupirocin free acid and its salts and esters are agents currently used in creams, ointments, and sprays as a treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.[2]


P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.
It is also used in milk to make yogurt.[2]


It is also used in milk to make yogurt.


'''Disease:'''
'''Disease:'''


P. fluorescens is an unusual cause of disease in humans, and usually affects patients with compromised immune systems (e.g., patients on cancer treatment). From 2004 to 2006, there was an outbreak of P. fluorescens in the United States, involving 80 patients in six states. The source of the infection was contaminated heparinized saline flushes being used with cancer patients.
P. fluorescens can be found infecteing those who are immunocompromised including cancer patients.[2]
 


'''Medical Properties:'''
'''Medical Properties:'''
By culturing Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mupirocin (an antibiotic) can be produced, which has been found to be useful in treating skin, ear, and eye disorders.[19] Mupirocin free acid and its salts and esters are agents currently used in creams, ointments, and sprays as a treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.
It is also used in milk to make yogurt.


United States Patents: 6489358, 4873012, 6156792
Psuedomonas fluorescens has hemolytic properties and can infect blood transfusion.  It can also be used as a strater for yogurts.
P. fluorescens can be used to make the antibiotic Mupirocin which can be used to treati MRSA, skin, ear, and eye disorders.[2]


==References==
==References==


1. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_lini
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_fluorescens


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=163011
3. https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Pseudomonas_fluorescens


http://gcm.wfcc.info/speciesPage.jsp?strain_name=Pseudomonas%20lini
4. http://genome.jgi-psf.org/psefl/psefl.home.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_fluorescens
5. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/18/business/technology-putting-a-tag-on-microbes.html


==Author==
==Author==

Latest revision as of 18:05, 8 May 2015

This student page has not been curated.

Classification

Genus species Pseudomonas lini Scientific classification Kingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Proteobacteria

Class: Gamma Proteobacteria

Order: Pseudomonadales

Family: Pseudomonadaceae


Species

Genus: Pseudomonas

Species: Pseudomonas Fluorescens

Habitat Information

Date of collection: 1/27/15

Location: 6636 W. William cannon Dr. Austin, TX 78735

Lat/:on: 30.27N 97.74W (Elev. 508ft)

Air Temperature: 80 degrees F

Humidity: 23%

24 hr rainfall: 0

Solar Radiation: 12.84

Description and Significance

Colonial Morphology:

Color:white

Elevation:Convex

Margin:Smooth


Cell Morphology:


Members of the genus display these defining characteristics: 

  * Rod-shaped

  * Gram-negative

   *One or more polar flagella, providing motility

  * Aerobic

 *  Motile

  * Nonspore-forming

Test Results 

 * Negative catalase test (this result is questionable)
 * Negative oxidase test (this result is questionable)

 *  Positive EMB for G- growth
 *  Positive EMB for lactose fermentation
 *  Positive MAC for G- growth
 *  Positive HE for G- growth
 *  Positive arganine decarboxylation test
 *  Positive Blood Agar test
 *  Positive Urea test
 *  VP test was questionable


Antimicrobial activity :

Most Psuedomonas species are penicillin resistant, so other choices for treatment might include Ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, imipenem or piperacillin. This resistance is due to their cell walls which contain prions. [1]

My Results Ceftazidine proved very effective Clove and tea tree oil very effective

Genome Structure

Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain DH-27 16S Ribosomal

Long Circular chromosome

Max score: 1291 Total score: 1291 Query Cover: 100% E Value: 0.0 Ident: 99% Accession: KF646699.1

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

P. fluorescens is an anerobe and uses sideophores when its iron levels are low. when the sidephores are being activated this is what gives off the fluorescent color. [3]

Physiology and Pathogenesis

Pseudomonas fluorescens may be useful in protecting plants from fungus and nemotade attacks.[2] P. fluorescens can be found in soil, water and plant surfaces. It is well suited to survive in mineral content soil and is being studied for its use for biocontrol in agriculture. Monsanto has detected the natural pesticide abilities and has even spliced P. fluorescens with Ecoli and added another gene to create a constant glow from the modified bugs to help track and prove that these bugs would not spread uncontrollable if used as a pesticide in the fields. [5]

P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.[2]

It is also used in milk to make yogurt.[2]


Disease:

P. fluorescens can be found infecteing those who are immunocompromised including cancer patients.[2]


Medical Properties:

Psuedomonas fluorescens has hemolytic properties and can infect blood transfusion. It can also be used as a strater for yogurts. P. fluorescens can be used to make the antibiotic Mupirocin which can be used to treati MRSA, skin, ear, and eye disorders.[2]

References

1. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_fluorescens

3. https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Pseudomonas_fluorescens

4. http://genome.jgi-psf.org/psefl/psefl.home.html

5. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/18/business/technology-putting-a-tag-on-microbes.html

Author

Page authored by Louisa Tomaio, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.

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