Tomaio L Pseudomonas fluorescens
Classification
Genus species Pseudomonas lini Scientific classification Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Pseudomonadaceae
Species
Genus species
Genus: Pseudomonas
Species: P. lini Binomial name Pseudomonas lini
Habitat Information
Date of collection: 1/27/15
Location: 6636 W. William cannon Dr. Austin, TX 78735
Lat/:on: 30.27N 97.74W (Elev. 508ft)
Air Temperature: 80 degrees F
Humidity: 23%
24 hr rainfall: 0
Solar Radiation: 12.84
Description and Significance
Colonial Morphology:
Color:white
Elevation:Convex
Margin:Smooth
Cell Morphology:
Members of the genus display these defining characteristics:
* Rod-shaped
* Gram-negative
*One or more polar flagella, providing motility
* Aerobic
* Nonspore-forming
* Positive catalase test
* Positive oxidase test
Other characteristics that tend to be associated with Pseudomonas species (with some exceptions) include secretion of pyoverdine, a fluorescent yellow-green siderophore[12] under iron-limiting conditions. Certain Pseudomonas species may also produce additional types of siderophore, such as pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa[13] and thioquinolobactin by Pseudomonas fluorescens,.[14] Pseudomonas species also typically give a positive result to the oxidase test, the absence of gas formation from glucose, glucose is oxidised in oxidation/fermentation test using Hugh and Leifson O/F test, beta hemolytic (on blood agar), indole negative, methyl red negative, Voges–Proskauer test negative, and citrate positive.
Pseudomonas may be the most common nucleator of ice crystals in clouds, thereby being of utmost importance to the formation of snow and rain around the world.
Antimicrobial activity : Being Gram-negative bacteria, most Pseudomonas spp. are naturally resistant to penicillin and the majority of related beta-lactam antibiotics, but a number are sensitive to piperacillin, imipenem, ticarcillin, or ciprofloxacin.[17] Aminoglycosides such as tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin are other choices for therapy.
This ability to thrive in harsh conditions is a result of their hardy cell walls that contain porins. Their resistance to most antibiotics is attributed to efflux pumps, which pump out some antibiotics before they are able to act.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical relevance. One of its most worrying characteristics is its low antibiotic susceptibility.[18] This low susceptibility is attributable to a concerted action of multidrug efflux pumps with chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., mexAB-oprM, mexXY, etc.,[19]) and the low permeability of the bacterial cellular envelopes. Besides intrinsic resistance, P. aeruginosa easily develops acquired resistance either by mutation in chromosomally encoded genes or by the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants. Development of multidrug resistance by P. aeruginosa isolates requires several different genetic events that include acquisition of different mutations and/or horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Hypermutation favours the selection of mutation-driven antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains producing chronic infections, whereas the clustering of several different antibiotic resistance genes in integrons favours the concerted acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants. Some recent studies have shown phenotypic resistance associated to biofilm formation or to the emergence of small-colony-variants may be important in the response of P. aeruginosa populations to antibiotic treatment.
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain DH-27 165 Ribosomal
Max score: 1291 Total score: 1291 Query Cover: 100% E Value: 0.0 Ident: 99% Accession: KF646699.1
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Physiology and Pathogenesis
May be useful in protecting plants from funghi and nemotade attacks.
By culturing Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mupirocin (an antibiotic) can be produced, which has been found to be useful in treating skin, ear, and eye disorders.[19] Mupirocin free acid and its salts and esters are agents currently used in creams, ointments, and sprays as a treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.[20]
It is also used in milk to make yogurt.
Disease:
P. fluorescens is an unusual cause of disease in humans, and usually affects patients with compromised immune systems (e.g., patients on cancer treatment). From 2004 to 2006, there was an outbreak of P. fluorescens in the United States, involving 80 patients in six states. The source of the infection was contaminated heparinized saline flushes being used with cancer patients.
Medical Properties: By culturing Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mupirocin (an antibiotic) can be produced, which has been found to be useful in treating skin, ear, and eye disorders.[19] Mupirocin free acid and its salts and esters are agents currently used in creams, ointments, and sprays as a treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
P. fluorescens demonstrates hemolytic activity and, as a result, has been known to infect blood transfusions.[20]
It is also used in milk to make yogurt.[21]
United States Patents: 6489358, 4873012, 6156792
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_lini
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=163011
http://gcm.wfcc.info/speciesPage.jsp?strain_name=Pseudomonas%20lini
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_fluorescens
Author
Page authored by Louisa Tomaio, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.
