User:Dixonkev

Classification

Cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; delta/epsilon subdivisions; Epsilonproteobacteria; Campylobacterales; Campylobacteraceae; Sulfurospirillum

Species

Sulfurospirillum alkalitolerans HTRB-L1

Description and Significance

S. alkalitolerans is an obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, first isolated in 2013 in a Thiopaq Bioreactor in Lelystad, Netherlands by Sorokin, Tourova, and Muyzer and is currently the only known habitat of S. alkalitolerans. These motile comma/rod shaped ~.5-.7 x 1.2-2.5 μm cells are Alkalitolerant with growth between pH 7.1-9.7 and salt-tolerant with sodium concentration from .6-1.75 M. This thiosulfate/sulfur reducer utilizes formate and H2 (acetate as C-source), lactate, pyruvate and fumarate as electron donors while thiosulfate (not completely reduced), sulfur, arsenate and fumarate are utilized as electron acceptors.

Genome Structure

The DNA was extracted from the isolated strains using the UltraClean Soil DNA Extraction kit and the PCR products were purified with Qiagen Gel extraction kit. Once the sequence was obtained it was analyzed using BLAST and found to have D. cooperativum as closest relative with >70% similarity with its 16s rRNA sequence. GenBank 16S rRNA gene sequence accession number: GQ863490; and was found to have G + C content of 47.6 mol% (Tm)

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Gram-negative, comm/rod shaped cells are motile ~.5-.7 x 1.2-2.5 μm. This strict anaerob, uses incomplete thiosulfate reduction, sulfur, nitrate, nitrite, arsenate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Nitrate reduced via nitrite to ammonium. Utilizes formate and H2 (acetate as C-source), lactate, pyruvate, and fumarate as an electron donor. Can oxidize sulfide to elemental sulfur intracellularly in presence of nitrate as electron acceptor. Alkalitolerant pH range 7.1-9.7 (optimum 8.5) moderately salt-tolerant .6-1.75 M sodium ion concentration (optimum .6 M)

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Desulfonatronum alkalitolerans has only been isolated from Thiopaq bioreactor in Lelystad (Netherlands)

References

Sorokin, D., Tourova, T., Muyzer, G. "Isolation and characterization of two novel alkalitolerant sulfidogens from a Thiopaq bioreactor, Desulfonatronum alkalitolerans sp. nov., and Sulfurospirillum alkalitolerans sp. nov". Extremophiles Microbial Life Under Extreme Conditions. 2013.

Author

Page authored by Michael Connolly-Ng, Kevin Dixon, student of Prof. Ned Walker at Michigan State University