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(Introduce environment. Give key information relevant to the microbial ecology of the environment.) <br> <br> | (Introduce environment. Give key information relevant to the microbial ecology of the environment.) <br> <br> | ||
The Dallol hydrothermal system is located in the northern part of the Danakil Depression in the Afar Triangle of northeastern Ethiopia.<ref name= Kotopoulou> [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00141 Kotopoulou, E., Huertas, A. D., Garcia-Ruiz, J. M., Dominguez-Vera, J. M., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Guerra-Tschuschke, I., & Rull, F. (2019). A Polyextreme Hydrothermal System Controlled by Iron: The Case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle. Acs Earth and Space Chemistry, 3(1), 90-99. Article. | The Dallol hydrothermal system is located in the northern part of the Danakil Depression in the Afar Triangle of northeastern Ethiopia.<ref name= Kotopoulou> [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00141 Kotopoulou, E., Huertas, A. D., Garcia-Ruiz, J. M., Dominguez-Vera, J. M., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Guerra-Tschuschke, I., & Rull, F. (2019). A Polyextreme Hydrothermal System Controlled by Iron: The Case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle. Acs Earth and Space Chemistry, 3(1), 90-99. Article.] </ref><ref name= Gomez> [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44440-8 Gomez, F., Cavalazzi, B., Rodriguez, N., Amils, R., Ori, G. G., Olsson-Francis, K., et al. (2019). Ultra-small microorganisms in the polyextreme conditions of the Dallol volcano, Northern Afar, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 9, 9. Article.]</ref> Its hydrothermal pools form a unique hyperthermal (25-110°C), hypersaline (33% to > 50% salinity), and hyperacidic (pH < -1.5 to 6.0) polyextreme environment that pushes the limits of life.<ref name= Belilla> [https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.galter.northwestern.edu/pmc/articles/PMC6837875/ Belilla, J., Moreira, D., Jardillier, L., Reboul, G., Benzerara, K., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., et al. (2019). Hyperdiverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(11), 1552-+. Article.] </ref> In addition, the pools contain high concentrations of chlorides, dissolved iron (both Fe2+ and Fe3+), sulfates, and fluorides giving them a colorful appearance.<ref name= Kotopoulou/> Dallol receives less than 200 mm of rainfall a year and holds the record as the hottest location on the planet (mean annual temperature of 34.5°C).<ref name= Lopez-Garcia> [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2019.00351/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Earth_Science&id=494409 Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Moreira, D., Benzerara, K., Grunewald, O., & Lopez-Garcia, P. (2020). Origin and Evolution of the Halo-Volcanic Complex of Dallol: Proto-Volcanism in Northern Afar (Ethiopia). Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 24. Article.] </ref><ref name= Pedgley> Pedgley, D. E. (1967). AIR TEMPERATURE AT DALLOL ETHIOPIA. Meteorological Magazine, 96(1142), 265-&. Article. </ref> | ||
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Revision as of 06:27, 25 May 2020
Dallol Hydrothermal System
Overview
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By Rachel So
(Introduce environment. Give key information relevant to the microbial ecology of the environment.)
The Dallol hydrothermal system is located in the northern part of the Danakil Depression in the Afar Triangle of northeastern Ethiopia.[1][2] Its hydrothermal pools form a unique hyperthermal (25-110°C), hypersaline (33% to > 50% salinity), and hyperacidic (pH < -1.5 to 6.0) polyextreme environment that pushes the limits of life.[3] In addition, the pools contain high concentrations of chlorides, dissolved iron (both Fe2+ and Fe3+), sulfates, and fluorides giving them a colorful appearance.[1] Dallol receives less than 200 mm of rainfall a year and holds the record as the hottest location on the planet (mean annual temperature of 34.5°C).[4][5]
Detailed Environmental Description
Describe the physical and geochemical environment that you are reporting on. How well is has this been studied? Is it current or is most of the work from the 80s? What are the geochemical characteristics? Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Overview of Microbial Ecology as it is known
Discuss the alpha and beta diversity of the system. Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Expansion topic 1-3
How you expand upon the basics will depend on your environment. Pick a couple or three of interesting subtopics and describe them in detail. Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.
Analog for Extraterrestrial Environments
The Dallol hydrothermal system has been proposed as an analogue for the environment of Mars.[6]
Key Microbial Players
In all of your systems there will be at least a couple of key microbial players. Describe these in detail. Where do they fall on the tree of life? Are they cultured? What do they do in general and as it relates to your target environment?
Conclusion
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kotopoulou, E., Huertas, A. D., Garcia-Ruiz, J. M., Dominguez-Vera, J. M., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Guerra-Tschuschke, I., & Rull, F. (2019). A Polyextreme Hydrothermal System Controlled by Iron: The Case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle. Acs Earth and Space Chemistry, 3(1), 90-99. Article.
- ↑ Gomez, F., Cavalazzi, B., Rodriguez, N., Amils, R., Ori, G. G., Olsson-Francis, K., et al. (2019). Ultra-small microorganisms in the polyextreme conditions of the Dallol volcano, Northern Afar, Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 9, 9. Article.
- ↑ Belilla, J., Moreira, D., Jardillier, L., Reboul, G., Benzerara, K., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., et al. (2019). Hyperdiverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(11), 1552-+. Article.
- ↑ Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Moreira, D., Benzerara, K., Grunewald, O., & Lopez-Garcia, P. (2020). Origin and Evolution of the Halo-Volcanic Complex of Dallol: Proto-Volcanism in Northern Afar (Ethiopia). Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 24. Article.
- ↑ Pedgley, D. E. (1967). AIR TEMPERATURE AT DALLOL ETHIOPIA. Meteorological Magazine, 96(1142), 265-&. Article.
- ↑ Cavalazzi, B., Barbieri, R., Gomez, F., Capaccioni, B., Olsson-Francis, K., Pondrelli, M., et al. (2019). The Dallol Geothermal Area, Northern Afar (Ethiopia)-An Exceptional Planetary Field Analog on Earth. Astrobiology, 19(4), 553-578. Review.
Authored for Earth 373 Microbial Ecology, taught by Magdalena Osburn, 2020, NU Earth Page.
