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Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis Taylor Veltmeyer Bench C 22/09/2016 [1]
Classification
Higher order taxa
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Bacteroidetes Class: Bacteroidetes Order: Bacteroidales Family: Porphyromonadaceae Genus: Porphyromonas
Species
Porphyromonas gingivalis Type Strain: strain 2561 = ATCC 33277= CCUG 25893 = CCUG 25928 = CIP 103683 = DSM 20709 = JCM 12257 = NCTC 11834. Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB035459. Basonym: Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al. 1980.
Porphyromonas endodontalis Type strain: strain HG370 = ATCC 35406= JCM 8526 = NCTC 13058. Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY253728. Basonym: Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al. 1984.
Description and significance
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis are two species that belong to the phylum Bacteriodetes. For the purpose of this study, the main focus will be Porphyromonas gingivalis as both species have very similar attributes, however P. gingivalis is the most prevalent and primary cause of disease, P. endodontalis is an associated organism involved in the disease and differences amongst the two will be mentioned in detail. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, that is non-motile and rod-shaped and is also the major etiological causative agent of chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis is commonly found in the oral cavity and implicated in certain forms of periodontal disease. Also found in upper gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and colon. It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis. P. endodontalis is commonly found in infected dental root canals and submucous abscesses of endodontal origin. It is also occasionally found on oral mucous membranes and periodontal pockets. Genome was first sequenced and cultured by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and it is important as P. gingivalis is not only isolated to the oral cavity/mouth. Both strains of Porphyromonas have been cultured in lab and both produce black-pigmented bacteria, however culturing is not the best way of identifying the species, Polymerase Chain Reaction produces a higher frequency of species production. The importance of studying disesease associated with P. gingivalis is that according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), periodontal disease affects 10-15% of the adult population worldwide [2]
Genome structure
The genome of P. gingivalis has been described in 2003 and revealed 1,990 open reading frames (i.e. protein-coding sequences), encoded by 2,343,479 bp, with an average G+C content of 48.3%. An estimated 463 genes are essential
Cell structure and metabolism
Ecology
Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.
Pathology
Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?
Application to biotechnology
Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…
Current research
Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.
References
Chockalingam, Evvie, and S. Subramanian. “Utility of Eucalyptus Tereticornis (Smith) Bark and Desulfotomaculum Nigrificans for the Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage.” Bioresource Technology 100, no. 2 (January 2009): 615–621. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.004.
“Genus Desulfotomaculum - Hierarchy - The Taxonomicon.” Accessed November 5, 2013. http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=229.
Kaksonen, Anna H., Stefan Spring, Peter Schumann, Reiner M. Kroppenstedt, and Jaakko A. Puhakka. “Desulfotomaculum Thermosubterraneum Sp. Nov., a Thermophilic Sulfate-reducer Isolated from an Underground Mine Located in a Geothermally Active Area.” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2603–2608. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64439-0.
Liu, Yitai, Tim M. Karnauchow, Ken F. Jarrell, David L. Balkwill, Gwendolyn R. Drake, David Ringelberg, Ronald Clarno, and David R. Boone. “Description of Two New Thermophilic Desulfotomaculum Spp., Desulfotomaculum Putei Sp. Nov., from a Deep Terrestrial Subsurface, and Desulfotomaculum Luciae Sp. Nov., from a Hot Spring.” International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 615–621. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-615.
Moser, Duane P, Thomas M Gihring, Fred J Brockman, James K Fredrickson, David L Balkwill, Michael E Dollhopf, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, et al. “Desulfotomaculum and Methanobacterium Spp. Dominate a 4- to 5-kilometer-deep Fault.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 8773–8783. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8773-8783.2005.
Ogg, Christopher D, and Bharat K C Patel. “Desulfotomaculum Varum Sp. Nov., a Moderately Thermophilic Sulfate-reducing Bacterium Isolated from a Microbial Mat Colonizing a Great Artesian Basin Bore Well Runoff Channel.” 3 Biotech 1, no. 3 (October 2011): 139–149. doi:10.1007/s13205-011-0017-5.
Pikuta, E, A Lysenko, N Suzina, G Osipov, B Kuznetsov, T Tourova, V Akimenko, and K Laurinavichius. “Desulfotomaculum Alkaliphilum Sp. Nov., a New Alkaliphilic, Moderately Thermophilic, Sulfate-reducing Bacterium.” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50 Pt 1 (January 2000): 25–33.
This page is written by Taylor Veltmeyer, 42057273 for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016
