User:S4355889

From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource

Name: Callum Le Lay
Bench ID: C
Date: 31/08/2016
[1]

Graphical circular map of the genome. From outside to the center: Genes on forward strand (color by COG categories), Genes on reverse strand (color by COG categories), RNA genes (tRNAs green, rRNAs red, other RNAs black), GC content, GC skew.

Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria - Terrabacteria group - Firmicutes - Negativicutes - Veillonellales - Veillonellaceae - Veillonella

Species

Veillonella parvula
Type strain: Prevot Te 3 = ATCC 10790 = DSM 2008 = JCM 12972

Description and significance

Named after french biologist Adrien Veillon who first discovered the species in 1898[2][3], Veillonella parvula is a gram negative bacteria is found in many of the microenvironments of the human body, but is most common and well described in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract[4] [REF]. It comes from the Negativicutes class which has a perculiar gram negative cell wall despite being a part of the Firmicutes phyla, in which the majority of species are gram positive. V. parvula is obligately anaerobic, auxotrophic, lactate fermenting and cocci shaped [5][6][KEGG, genome paper and other REFs]. The species is small at 0.3-0.5um[5].

Veillonella parvula is known for its close association with Streptococcus species (in particular S.sanguinus)[7] and its role in the oral microbiome. As V. parvula ferments lactate, a common byproduct of anaerobic respiration in bacteria, it has a commensual relationship with Streptococcus spp. where it will bind to the surface of the cells and metabolise the lactate as it is produced. This benefits V. parvula as it does not have to compete for resources. Coaggregation of Veillonella spp. with certain Streptococcus spp. (each species has preferences) is also shown to promote biofilm formation[7] and the two species are known early colonisers in oral plaque communities [REF].

It the importance of research on this microbe is its pathogenesis. It has been shown to produce biofilm and contribute to plaque formation[7]; is present in dental caries[REF] and in chronic peridontitis[8][9][REF]; and is less commonly associated with other types of diseaes such as endodontitus[REF], vaginosis[10] and even osteomyetitis[11].

Genome structure

Select a strain for which genome information (e.g. size, plasmids, distinct genes, etc.) is available.

= strain DSM2008 the type strain. genome paper [5]

Cell structure and metabolism

Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.

= Succinate decarboxylation (catabolic) drives Na+ gradient

= Lactate and malate metabolism (also succinate decarb paper) 

Delwiche EA, Pestka JJ, Tortorello ML (1985) The Veillonellae: gram negative cocci with a unique physiology. Annu Rev Microbiol 39:175–193

Ecology

Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.

= anaerobe based on KEGG

= located in on tongue paper and possibly vaginosis

= Strong association with strep (intestinal, tongue and strep+veil papers) - sanguinus+parv = huge biofilm formation and less in other combos

= Parvula more common in the intestinal track (comparing intestinal paper to tongue paper) 

Mays TD, Holdeman LV, Moore WEC et al (1982) Taxnomy of the genus Veillonella Pre `vot. Int J Syst Bacteriol 32:28–36

Saravanan P, Kolenbrander PE (2009) Mutualistic biofilm communities develop with Porphyromonas gingivalis and initial, early, and late colonizers of enamel. J Bacteriol 191:6804–6811

Saravanan P, Kolenbrander PE (2010) Central role of the early colonizer Veillonella sp. in establishing multispecies biofilm communities with initial, middle, and late colonizers of enamel. J Bacteriol 192:2965–2972

Hughes CV, Kolenbrander PE, Andersen RF et al (1988) Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1957–1963

Pathology

Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?

  • Periodontitis and dental caries
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Osteomyelitus
  • Endocarditis

Kanasi E, Dewhirst FE, Chalmers NI et al (2010) Clonal analysis of the microbiota of severe early childhood caries. Caries Res 44:485–497 

Sundqvist G (1992) Associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 4:47–51

Khemaleelakul S, Baumgartner JC, Pruksakorn S (2002) Identification of bacteria in acuteendodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94:746–755 Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Buijs JF et al (2001) Viable bacteria in root dentinal tubules of teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod 27:76–81

Application to biotechnology

Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…

Current research

Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.

References

  1. ↑ MICR3004
  2. ↑ List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature
  3. ↑ Veillon A, Zuber MM. Recherches sur quelques microbes strictement anaérobies et leur rôle en pathologie. Arch Med Exp 1898; 10:517-545.
  4. ↑ van den Bogert, B., Erkus, O., Boekhorst, J., de Goffau, M., Smid, E. J., Zoetendal, E. G., & Kleerebezem, M. (2013). Diversity of human small intestinal Streptococcus and Veillonella populations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 85(2), 376-388. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12127
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gronow, S., Welnitz, S., Lapidus, A., Nolan, M., Ivanova, N., Glavina Del Rio, T., . . . Lucas, S. (2010). Complete genome sequence of Veillonella parvula type strain (Te3). Stand Genomic Sci, 2(1), 57-65. doi:10.4056/sigs.521107
  6. ↑ http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?vpr:Vpar_1247+vpr:Vpar_1248+vpr:Vpar_1762+vpr:Vpar_1763
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mashima, I., & Nakazawa, F. (2014). The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species. Anaerobe, 28, 54-61. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003
  8. ↑ Silva-Boghossian, C. M., Neves, A. B., Resende, F. A., & Colombo, A. P. (2013). Suppuration-associated bacteria in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol, 84(9), e9-e16. doi:10.1902/jop.2013.120639
  9. ↑ Stingu, C. S., Jentsch, H., Eick, S., Schaumann, R., Knofler, G., & Rodloff, A. (2012). Microbial profile of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy subjects. Quintessence International, 43(2), 9.
  10. ↑ Africa, C. W., Nel, J., & Stemmet, M. (2014). Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 11(7), 6979-7000. doi:10.3390/ijerph110706979
  11. ↑ Al-Otaibi, F. E., & Al-Mohizea, M. M. (2014). Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 8(365), 5. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-365

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Notes

TEMPORARY: TO BE DELETED AFTER FINISH

HILPERT, W. & DIMROTH, P. (1982). Conversion of the chemical energy of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylation into a Na+ gradient. Nature, London 2%, 584-585. HILPERT, W. & DIMROTH, P. (1991). On the mechanism of sodium ion translocation by methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylasef from Veillonella alcalescens. European Journal of Biochemistry 195, 79-86.

This page was written by Callum Le Lay for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016

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