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Esther Chua | Bench E | 31 Aug 2016

Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria - Proteobacteria - Betaproteobacteria - Neisseriales - Neisseriaceae - Kingella - Kingella oralis

Species

Kingella oralis

Type strain: strain UB-38 = ATCC 51147= CCUG 30450 = CIP 103803

Description and significance

Kingella oralis was originally described by Chen et al.(1990) as Eikenella corrodens -like isolates. In the original 1993 classification paper, this species was named K. orale¹, but the spelling was changed to "oralis" in 1994². K. oralis are gram-negative facultative (aerobic and anaerobic growth) organism thats grows in mesophillic environments. K. oralis is normally found in small numbers in the oral cavity in dental plaque, however periodontitis and gingivitis may correlate with increases in numbers of this species in the gingiva. They also produce corroding colonies. K. oralis is rather prevalent in dental plaque and has shown to constitute more than 5% of the total microbiota in peridontitis sites. ³

Genome structure

Kingella Oralis strain ATCC 51147 does not encode for chromosomes and plasmids. It has a total length of about 2.41mb, encodes for 2,315 proteins and has a GC content of 54.3%. Sequencing results show that ATCC51147 consists of 5 scaffolds (Scfld 0-4) with no gaps between, an assembly gap length of 700, and 12 contigs. It has 3,165 coding genes and 52 non-coding genes. However the functions of these genes are not yet known.

This strain has contains specialty genes that are of particular interest, such as antibiotic resistance genes, drug targets, virulence factors, and human homologs.

Select a strain for which genome information (e.g. size, plasmids, distinct genes, etc.) is available.

Cell structure and metabolism

Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.

Kingella oralis are gram negative rods or cocobacilli that can form pairs or chains. It has a cell wall that consists of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, a periplasmic space with a peptidoglycan layer, and an inner, cytoplasmic membrane. Cells are nonmotile by flagella, but have monopolar fimbriae and form spreading colonies which suggests twitching motility¹. Cells can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.

They are oxidase positive, catalase negative and are able to ferment glucose.

Ecology

Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.

The Kingella species are known to exchange antibiotic resistance plasmids with Neisseria gononhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, resulting in a possibility of K. oralis as a plasmid reservoir. ¹⁴

Pathology

Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?

Application to biotechnology

Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…

Current research

Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.

References

1. Dewhirst F, Chen C, Paster B, Zambon J. 1993. Phylogeny of Species in the Family Neisseriaceae Isolated from Human Dental Plaque and Description of Kingella orale sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 43:490-499

2. Bergey D, Boone D, Brenner D, Castenholz R, De Vos P, Garrity G, Krieg N, Staley J. 2001. Bergey's Manual of systematic bacteriology. Springer, New York, p.839

3. Chen C. 1996. Distribution of a newly described species, Kingella oralis, in the human oral cavity. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 11:425-427

4. (2016) Kingella oralis (ID 1949)-Genome-NCBI

5. Yagupsky, P. Kingella species. Antimicrobe

14. Knapp, J. S., S. R Johnson, J. M. Zenilman, M. C. Roberts, and S. A. Morse. 1988. High-level tetracycline resistance resulting from TetM in strains of Neisseria spp., Kingella denitrificans, and Eikenella corrodens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32:765-767

References examples

1. Sahm, K., MacGregor, B.J., Jørgensen, B.B., and Stahl, D.A. (1999) Sulphate reduction and vertical distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria quantified by rRNA slotblot hybridization in a coastal marine sediment. Environ Microbiol 1: 65-74.

2. Human Oral Microbiome

This page is written by <Esther Chua> for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016