Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis: Difference between revisions
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>] is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera cholera]. A disease affecting 2.8 million people per year and resulting in the deaths of 91,000, cholera is most common in areas with high population density and low sanitation quality.<sup>[1] [2]</sup> Not all <i>V. cholerae</i> are pathogenic: only two strains of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype serogroups] O1 and O139 cause cholera.<sup>[1]</sup> Furthermore, it is considered a facultative human pathogen, as it primarily inhabits [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface waters], as opposed to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine small intestine].<sup>[3]</sup> | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>] is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera cholera]. A disease affecting 2.8 million people per year and resulting in the deaths of 91,000, cholera is most common in areas with high population density and low sanitation quality.<sup>[1] [2]</sup> Not all <i>V. cholerae</i> are pathogenic: only two strains of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype serogroups] O1 and O139 cause cholera.<sup>[1]</sup> Furthermore, it is considered a facultative human pathogen, as it primarily inhabits [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface waters], as opposed to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine small intestine].<sup>[3]</sup> | ||
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<br>When entering and colonizing the human host, <i>V. cholerae</i> must endure changing environmental factors such as temperature, acidity, osmolarity, intestinal growth inhibitory substances, and immune system factors.<sup>[1]</sup> After sufficient colonization, an autoregulatory loop controlling ToxT, cholera toxin, and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) results.<sup>[4]</sup> Understanding pathogenesis of <i>V. cholerae</i> requires the understanding of colonization and this loop. | <br>When entering and colonizing the human host, <i>V. cholerae</i> must endure changing environmental factors such as temperature, acidity, osmolarity, intestinal growth inhibitory substances, and immune system factors.<sup>[1]</sup> After sufficient colonization, an autoregulatory loop controlling ToxT, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_toxin cholera toxin], and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) results.<sup>[4]</sup> Understanding pathogenesis of <i>V. cholerae</i> requires the understanding of colonization and this loop. | ||
==Colonization of the Human Small Intestine== | ==Colonization of the Human Small Intestine== | ||
Revision as of 08:41, 22 March 2015
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. A disease affecting 2.8 million people per year and resulting in the deaths of 91,000, cholera is most common in areas with high population density and low sanitation quality.[1] [2] Not all V. cholerae are pathogenic: only two strains of serogroups O1 and O139 cause cholera.[1] Furthermore, it is considered a facultative human pathogen, as it primarily inhabits surface waters, as opposed to the small intestine.[3]
When entering and colonizing the human host, V. cholerae must endure changing environmental factors such as temperature, acidity, osmolarity, intestinal growth inhibitory substances, and immune system factors.[1] After sufficient colonization, an autoregulatory loop controlling ToxT, cholera toxin, and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) results.[4] Understanding pathogenesis of V. cholerae requires the understanding of colonization and this loop.
Colonization of the Human Small Intestine
ToxR and ToxT Regulon
Toxin-Coregulating Pilus
References
[1] Reidl, J. and K.E. Klose, Vibrio cholerae and cholera: out of the water and into the host. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2002. 26: p. 125-139.
[2] Ali, M., et al., The global burden of cholera. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2012. 90: p. 209-218.
[3] Sack, D.A., et al., Cholera. Lancet, 2004. 363: p. 223-233.
[4] Yu, R.R., and V.J. DiRita, Analysis of an autoregulatory loop controlling ToxT, cholera toxin, and toxin-coregulated pilus production in Vibrio cholerae. J. Baceriol, 1999. 181: p. 2584-2592.
Edited by Tina Solvik, a student of Suzanne Kern in BIOL168L (Microbiology) in The Keck Science Department of the Claremont Colleges Spring 2015.
