Yersinia pestis, the History of the Plague and Adaptation to Animal Host: Difference between revisions
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<i>Yersinia pestis</i>, is most notable for the its devastating role in plagues of the past. These bacteria are Gamaproteobacteria that are Gram negative with a coccobacillus shape and are facultative anaerobes. This bacterium causes infection in humans and other non-human animals. These bacteria can be found in animal or insect blood, and this blood is required for the bacteria to survive. The most common hosts of these bacteria include, insects (fleas), rodents and humans. The most notable carrier of this bacteria is the Oriental Rat flea, which contains bacteria in its blood but is unaffected by the bacteria. These fleas then infect rats, which eventually pass the bacteria to humans and other non-human animals. The three main infections caused by this bacterium include: pneumonic, septicemic and bubonic plagues. These diseases are also commonly found in highly populated areas that have poor sanitation habits therefore increasing the rat population and making the location prime for <i>Y. pestis</i> infections. The progression from fleas to rats and the widespread populations of both of these organisms has allowed these bacteria to be exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions allowing it to adapt to multiple strains that are very resilient. The regulatory systems involved in the virulence of these bacteria have been found to be quite complex posing a large problem for antibiotics. <sup> </sup><br> | |||
==Discovery== | ==Discovery== |
Revision as of 23:25, 21 April 2015
Classification
• Kingdom: Eubacteria
• Phylum: Proteobacteria
• Class: Gammaproteobacteria
• Order: Enterobacteriales
• Family: Enterobacteriaceae
• Genus: Yersinia
Structure and Significance
By [Blake Calcei]
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Subscript: H2O
Superscript: Fe3+
Yersinia pestis, is most notable for the its devastating role in plagues of the past. These bacteria are Gamaproteobacteria that are Gram negative with a coccobacillus shape and are facultative anaerobes. This bacterium causes infection in humans and other non-human animals. These bacteria can be found in animal or insect blood, and this blood is required for the bacteria to survive. The most common hosts of these bacteria include, insects (fleas), rodents and humans. The most notable carrier of this bacteria is the Oriental Rat flea, which contains bacteria in its blood but is unaffected by the bacteria. These fleas then infect rats, which eventually pass the bacteria to humans and other non-human animals. The three main infections caused by this bacterium include: pneumonic, septicemic and bubonic plagues. These diseases are also commonly found in highly populated areas that have poor sanitation habits therefore increasing the rat population and making the location prime for Y. pestis infections. The progression from fleas to rats and the widespread populations of both of these organisms has allowed these bacteria to be exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions allowing it to adapt to multiple strains that are very resilient. The regulatory systems involved in the virulence of these bacteria have been found to be quite complex posing a large problem for antibiotics.
Discovery
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History
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Yersinia pestis Adaptation to Animal Host
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Methods for Prevention and Vaccines
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Conclusion
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