Zobellia laminariae

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Classification

Higher Order Taxa

Domain: Bacteria

Super Phylum: Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi

Phylum: Bacteroidetes

Class: Flavobacteriia

Order: Flavobacteriales

Family: Flavobacteriaceae

Genus: Zobellia

Species: laminariae

Strains: KMM. 3676T,Vancanneyt R-18982, R-18982, CIP 108563, LMG 22070, CCUG 47083

Taxonomy

[NCBI Taxonomy]

Description

Genetic Characteristics

The G+C content of the DNA is 36-37 mol%.

Morphological Characteristics

Cells range from 0.4 to 0.5 mm in width and from 1.2 to 1.4 mm in length. They are gram-negative agarolytic bacteria with gliding motility that produce ﬂexirubin-type pigments.

Environmental Characteristics

The bacteria live in sea water on brown algae called Laminaria japonica. Optimum growth occurs between 21-23°C but can grow any where between the range of 4-30°C. They prefer a salt concentration between 1.5-6% NaCl with an optimum at 2%.

Host

Metabolism

They are heterotrophic meaning they require complex organic compounds of nitrogen and carbon for metabolic synthesis. They utilize L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-lactose, D-mannose, D-sucrose, and mannitol. The fatty acids are 15 : 0, i15 : 0, i15 : 0 3-OH, i15 : 1, i17 : 0 3-OH. MK-6 is the major lipoquinone.

Metabolite Products

Produces acid from the fermentation of L-arabinose,D-cellobiose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-maltose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sucrose and mannitol.

Antibiotic Caracteristics

Zobellia laminariae are sensitive to carbenicillin, lincomycin and oleandomycin antibiotics. They are resistant to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin,kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline.

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Current Research

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References

[Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Suzuki, M., Vancanneyt, M., Cleenwerck, I., Lysenko, A.M., Mikhailov, V.V., and Swings, J. "Zobellia amurskyensis sp. nov., Zobellia laminariae sp. nov. and Zobellia russellii sp. nov., novel marine bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2004) 54:1643-1648. Published online 5 March 2004: DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63091-0]

[ Goecke F, Labes A, Wiese J, Imhoff JF (2010) Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 409:267-299]

[Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer, “Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/487543]

Edited by (Sabin Gilman), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine