Zobellia laminariae

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Classification

Higher Order Taxa

Domain: Bacteria

Super Phylum: Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi

Phylum: Bacteroidetes

Class: Flavobacteriia

Order: Flavobacteriales

Family: Flavobacteriaceae

Genus: Zobellia

Species: laminariae

Strains: KMM. 3676T,Vancanneyt R-18982, R-18982, CIP 108563, LMG 22070, CCUG 47083

Taxonomy

[NCBI Taxonomy]

Description

Morphological Characteristics

Zobellia laminariae are gram-negative agarolytic bacteria with gliding motility that produce ﬂexirubin-type pigments. Cells range in size from 0.4 to 0.5 mm in width and from 1.2 to 1.4 mm in length.

Genetic Characteristics

The G+C content of the DNA is 36-37 mol% and it has a DNA-DNA binding value of 93%. Zobellia laminariae is closely related to Zobellia amurskyensis and Zobellia russellii.

Environmental Characteristics

The bacteria prefer marine salinity. The live in sea water on brown algae called Laminaria japonica. Optimum growth occurs between 21-23°C but they can grow any where between the range of 4-30°C. They prefer a salt concentration between 1.5-6% NaCl with an optimum at 2%.

Host

Metabolism

They are heterotrophic meaning they require complex organic compounds of nitrogen and carbon for metabolic synthesis. They utilize L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-lactose, D-mannose, D-sucrose, and mannitol. They hydrolyze agar, gelatin, and Tween 40. The whole cell fatty acid composition is 15 : 0, i15 : 0, i15 : 0 3-OH, i15 : 1, i17 : 0 3-OH. MK-6 is the major lipoquinone.

Metabolite Products

Produces acid from the fermentation of L-arabinose,D-cellobiose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-maltose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sucrose and mannitol.

Antibiotic Caracteristics

Zobellia laminariae are sensitive to carbenicillin, lincomycin and oleandomycin antibiotics. They are resistant to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin,kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline.

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Current Research

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References

[Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Suzuki, M., Vancanneyt, M., Cleenwerck, I., Lysenko, A.M., Mikhailov, V.V., and Swings, J. "Zobellia amurskyensis sp. nov., Zobellia laminariae sp. nov. and Zobellia russellii sp. nov., novel marine bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2004) 54:1643-1648. Published online 5 March 2004: DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63091-0]

[ Goecke F, Labes A, Wiese J, Imhoff JF (2010) Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 409:267-299]

[Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang, David Juck, Nathalie Fortin, and Charles W. Greer, “Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 487543, 8 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/487543]

Edited by (Sabin Gilman), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine