Bacillus chagannorensis

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Classification

Higher order taxa

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Bacillales

Family: Bacillaceae

Genus: Bacillus

Species

Bacillus chagannorensis

Type Strain CG-15(T)(=CCM 7371(T)=CECT 7153(T)=CGMCC 1.6292(T)=DSM 18.86(T))

NCBI: Taxonomy[1]

Description and significance

Bacillus chagannorensis is a rod shaped microbe. It is gram positive which gives it a purple stain when undergoing gram staining. The cell wall has a second layer that forms between the bacterium and the environment to act as a barrier. It is made of teichoic and teichuronic acid allowing it to withstand pressure while maintaining its shape. The Bacillus genus is significant in the industrial field and ecological field. Their use in industrial fields is due to the large amounts of secreted enzymes including: barnase, alpha amylase, protease subtilisin and BamH1 restriction enzyme. The large quantities of these enzymes are used in many different ways including; starch hydrolysis, detergents and DNA research. In the ecological fields, the Bacillus genome has been known to produce a toxin that is used as an insecticide. The Bacillus genus was named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1835. In 1828 he also named the Bacterium genus. Bacillus chagannorensis was collected in China in 2003. ⁴

Genome structure

Bacillus chagannorensis has a genome completion date of July 07, 2013. It has a genome length of 3,425,716bp. It is found to have 0 chromosomes and 0 plasmids. The microbe has 42 contigs,13 patric rRNA and 50 patric tRNA. Bacillus chagannorensis has a GC content of 52.6. The sequencing depth is unknown, and the sequencing platflorm used was Illumina HiSeq 2000. ¹

Cell and colony structure

Bacillus chagannorensis is a Gram positive, rod shaped and ellipsoidal microbe. It is a spore forming bacterium and is a facultative oxygenic microbe. The microbe is motile and has terminal and deforming endospores. Bacillus chagannorensis has a major cellular fatty acid strain of CG-15(T). The polar lipids of this microbe consist of; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and 3 other unknown phospholipids. ⁴

Metabolism

Bacillus chagannorensis has a cyanoamino acid metabolism and is described as a Gamma-glutamyl transferase. Gamma-glutamyl transferase is an enzyme that’s job is to transfer the gamma-glutamyl functional groups. ⁴

Ecology

Bacillus chagannorensis is isolated to the country of China. It is found in environments such as the Soda lakes, fresh water and other aquatics. Bacillus chagannorensis is isolated in the inner part of Mongolia, China. Mongolia is an autonomous region of China. It has an optimal growing pH of 8.5, optimal temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, and an optimal salinity of 7% w/v. Bacillus chagannorensis is highly halophilic and anaerobic. ³

Pathology

Bacillus chagannorensis has 1 antibiotic resistant gene, 2 drug targeted genes, 26 human homolog genes, and 1 virulence factor gene. This microbe can cause an array of infections including; ear infections, urinary infections, meningitis, septicemia and many more. ²

References

[1]"PATRIC::Bacillus Chagannorensis DSM 18086::Genome." PATRIC::Bacillus Chagannorensis DSM 18086::Genome. University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.

[2]"PATRIC::Bacillus Chagannorensis::Taxon Overview." PATRIC::Bacillus Chagannorensis::Taxon Overview. University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.

[3]"Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.

[4]"Bacillus." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Web. 11 Dec. 2015.

Page created by Nicole Schmidt with Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio