Neisseria cinerea

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Classification

Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Betaproteobacteria; Neisseriales; Neisseriaceae; Neisseria; Neisseria cinerea

Species

Neisseria cinerea

Description and Significance

Neisseria cinerea is a gram-negative, mesophillic, diplococcus, about 1-2 mm long. N. cinerea was discovered in 1906 by a German scientist named Alexander von Lingelsheim in 1906, he misclassified it as Branhamella catarrhalis. N. cinerea resembles Neisseria gonorrhea in the way it cultures and its biochemical characteristics, the main difference between the two is N. cinerea appears golden brown, rather than the common pinkish of gram-negative bacteria when on chocolate agar.

Genome Structure

N. cinerea contains 1 circle chromosome with about 2 million base pairs from the various complete strains sequenced most had 1.8 million to 1.9 million BPs. strain NCTC10294 had nucleotides: 1832904, protein genes: 1710, RNA genes: 73. StrainNCTC10294 tRNA 59, rRNA 12, CDS1913 the strain NCTC10294 also contained about 40 antibiotic resistance genes, some from meningitis, streptococcus, and other deadly microbes, but this bacteria isn't pathogenic. Also, 84 Virulence Factor genes, which from what im understand from the charts it's the genes in the plasmids that have been shared by other bacteria, and the genes can be traced back to the exact bacterium it was from most of which are pathogenic.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Neisseria cinerea has genes for many different ways of metabolism such as asaccharolytic, gram-negative, oxidase-positive, lycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, Cysteine and methionine metabolism, Methane metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism, Metabolic pathways, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Carbon metabolism, Biosynthesis of amino acids, Biosynthesis of cofactors Neisseria cinerea builds acid from D-fructose, maltose, and sucrose, uses tryptophan as an energy source, degradation on ornithine, and hydrolysis to urea.

Ecology and Pathogenesis

Neisseria cinerea was found on the cervix of a patient attending an arthritis clinic at Seattle Public Health Hospital. Also found in the eyes of newborns this strain was not known as pathogenic. however, the strain found in the Nasopharynx of an AIDS sufferer was found to be pathogenic due to the very compromised immune system of the individual. it has a biosafety level of 1 according to the German classification.

202 patients who had samples colonized by a Neisseria spp., N. cinerea was isolated in 57 (28.2%) patients from 1983 to 1984. N. cinerea was isolated from the urethra of only one (1.1%) patient. The samples of many individuals were colonized persistently by strains of N. cinerea and other Neisseria spp.

from the close to 1,000 samples taken of N. cinerea 891 were animals, 4 were soil, 7 were aquatic, and 1 in a plant so it does appear the bacteria prefers animal hosts to live in.

References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/tree/?taxon=483 https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.26.5.896-900.1988 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC270980/ https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/10466#kit_api_NH https://www.bv-brc.org/view/Genome/483.11#view_tab=circular https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/AB904035 https://www.kegg.jp/entry/ncz:NCTC10294_01103 https://www.genome.jp/entry/gn:ncz https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive10466.20230509.8 https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive141732.20230509.8 https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive144934.20230509.8 https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive154315.20230509.8 https://www.gbif.org/dataset/94281e3c-4518-498a-acd7-529f2cb61541 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=483&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock

Author

Page authored by Natalie Lourdes Pacheco, student of Prof. Bradley Tolar at UNC Wilmington.