Tamlana Crocina

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Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Flavobacteria; Flavobacteriales; Flavobacteriaceae; Tamlana

Species

Crocina

Description and significance

The genera Tamlana is named after the Korean Jeju Island, formally known as the Tamla Islands, which is the region where it was isolated from beach sediment[1].

Tamlana crocina strain HST1-43T are Gram-negative, short rods (approximately 0.7-1.1µm in length and 0.3-0.5µm wide)[1]. The bacterium is non-motile, aerobic, and produces non-diffusible carotenoid pigments that make colonies saffron in color [1]. Tamlana Crocina colonies form in a variety of shapes, ranging from opaque, convex, and circular[1].

Cellular Metabolism

Optimum growth conditions for Tamlana crocina are between 25ºC-30ºC (growth is possible between 20ºC-37ºC), pH between 6.1-8.1 (growth is seen between 6.1-10.1) and has an obligate requirement for marine like conditions[1]. Studies showed that the growth of Tamlana crocina is not supported by solely Na+[1].

Metabolism characteristics of Tamlana crocina start with the reduction of nitrates to nitrites [1]. Cells are chemoheterotrophic and aerobic [1]. Studies show that cells utilize carbon for energy through dextrin, glycogen, Tween 40, adonitol, D-arabitol, D-cellobiose, i-erythritol, D-fructose, L-fucose, D-galactose, gentiobiose, a-D-glucose, a-D-lactose, lactulose, maltose, D-mannose, D-melibiose, methyl b-D-glucoside, D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, D-trehalose, turanose, xylitol, methyl pyruvate, monomethyl succinate, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, D-glucosaminic acid, D-glucuronic acid, a-hydroxybutyric acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, itaconic acid, a-ketobutyric acid, a-ketoglutaric acid, a-ketovaleric acid, DL-lactic acid, quinic acid, D-saccharic acid, succinamic acid, glucuronamide, L-alaninamide, L-alanine, L-alanyl glycine, L-glutamic acid, glycyl L-aspartic acid, glycyl L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, hydroxy-L-proline, L-ornithine, L-proline, L-pyroglutamic acid, L-threonine, DL-carnitine, urocanic acid, inosine, uridine, thymidine and a-D-glucose 1-phosphate [1]. Tamlana crocina also tested weakly positive for metabolizing D-mannitol, c-hydroxybutyric acid, phenylethylamine, putrescine and 2,3-butanediol as sole carbon energy sources [1].

Ecology

The Jeju Island of South Korea is located in the southeastern Yellow Sea and is home to The Halla Volcano [3]. An inactive volcano that reaches nearly 2000m[2]. The Island is in a subtropical climate and has been dusted with volcanic rick and sediment [2]. The Jeju Island experiences continually changing tidal currents and sea levels which brings quartzose sand and mud with marine microfossils (Koh, 1997; Sohn and Park, 2004)[3]. These characteristics create an unique ecosystem for Tamlana crocina.

Pathology

The pathology of this newly isolated bacterium is very limited.

Current Research

There is a lot of room for further research regarding Tamlana crocina. The mixture or mud, quartz, microfossils, and volcanic sediment, leave a lot of unanswered about the life cycle of this newly isolated bacterium.

References

1.[ http://ijs.sgmjournals.org Soon Dong Lee“Tamlana crocina” gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from beach sediment in Korea”. “International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology”. 2007. (Volume 57). p. 764-769.]

2.[ Jiri Dolezal, Jan Altman, Martin Kopecky, Tomas Cerny, Stepan Janecek, Michael Bartos, Petr Petrik, Miroslav Srutek1, Jan Leps, Jong-Suk Song “Plant Diversity Changes during the Postglacial in East Asia: Insights from Forest Refugia on Halla Volcano, Jeju Island” “PoLs One”.2010. Volume 7 Issue 3.]

3.[ http://content.ebscohost.com.ursus-proxy-1.ursus.maine.edu/pdf23_24/pdf/2010/GLG 01Aug10/52705984.pdfT=P&P=AN&K=52705984&S=R&D=eih&EbscoContent=dGJyMNLr40Sep684y9fwOLCmr0yeqK5Ssa24TbOWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGuskm2r69IuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA Sohn, Y. K., & Yoon, S. -H Shallow-marine records of pyroclastic surges and fallouts over water in jeju island, korea, and their stratigraphic implications . geology.gsapubs.org ,(2010). 763-766.]

Edited by (Samantha Correia), student of Rachel Larsen at the University of Southern Maine