HIV Envelope and Cell Fusion

Introduction

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.

By Ian Perrone

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Filename: PHIL_1181_lores.jpg
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
Closed double brackets: ]]

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Introduce the topic of your paper. What microorganisms are of interest? Habitat? Applications for medicine and/or environment?

Figure X. Diagram of an HIV virion, with major protein components labeled. Image credit: http://www.avert.org/hiv-structure-and-life-cycle.htm.

Figure X. An illustration showing the processing of the gp160 intermediate into gp41 and gp120 homotrimer bundles, followed by heterodimerization. Image credit: Ian Perrone.

Figure X. Crystal structure of SIV gp120. While not exactly the same in sequence as HIV gp120, SIV gp120 includes the same conserved structures. Image credit: Chen et al., 2005.

Figure X. Diagram showing the spatial relationship of α4β7 integrin and the main HIV coreceptors, CD4 and CCR5, on the surface of a α4β7 -expressing T-cell. Image credit: Cicala et al., 2010.

Figure X. Graph showing mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), an indicator of α4β7 binding, as a function of PNG deletions from gp120. PNG mutations were achieved by replacing the indicated asparagine residues of the V1 and V2 loops with glutamine. Image credit: Nawaz et al., 2011.

Figure X. Diagram showing a structural comparison of the gp41 ectodomain with functionally similar regions of the envelope fusion proteins of influenza and murine leukemia virus, Mo-MLV. The high degree of conservation of the coiled coil motif is a strong indicator of its effectiveness as a fusion initiation mechanism. Image credit: Chan et al., 1997.

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Section 1

Include some current research, with at least one figure showing data.