Sporomusa silvacetica: Difference between revisions
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==Metabolism== | ==Metabolism== | ||
''Sporomusa silvacetica'' is an anaerobic bacterium that uses acetogenesis for metabolism. ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' can utilize many different substrates in order to grow including ferulate, vanillate, fructose, betaine, fumarate, 2,3-butanediol, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, formate, and H{{sub|2}}-CO2 [2]. Acetate is the primary reduced end product in most of the reactions using these substrates. This bacterium can use electron acceptors other than CO2 in order to conserve energy. ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' is the first discovered case in the ''Sporomusa'' genus to use fumarate and aromatic acrylate groups as terminal electron acceptors. It also can dismutate fumarate into succinate and acetate [2]. The acetyl-coenzyme A pathway is the primary pathway used when H2-CO2 is present [3]. Small traces of methane have also been produced when ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' utilizes H2-CO2. Neither nitrate nor sulfate was found to be the preferred terminal electron acceptor in any of these cases [2]. | ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' is an anaerobic bacterium that uses acetogenesis for metabolism. ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' can utilize many different substrates in order to grow including ferulate, vanillate, fructose, betaine, fumarate, 2,3-butanediol, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, formate, and H { { sub | 2 } } -CO2 [2]. Acetate is the primary reduced end product in most of the reactions using these substrates. This bacterium can use electron acceptors other than CO2 in order to conserve energy. ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' is the first discovered case in the ''Sporomusa'' genus to use fumarate and aromatic acrylate groups as terminal electron acceptors. It also can dismutate fumarate into succinate and acetate [2]. The acetyl-coenzyme A pathway is the primary pathway used when H2-CO2 is present [3]. Small traces of methane have also been produced when ''Sporomusa silvacetica'' utilizes H2-CO2. Neither nitrate nor sulfate was found to be the preferred terminal electron acceptor in any of these cases [2]. | ||
===Oxygen=== | ===Oxygen=== | ||
Revision as of 09:03, 23 April 2014
Classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Negativicutes
Order: Selenomonadales
Family: Veillonellaceae
Genus: Sporomusa
Species: Sporomusa silvacetica
Species
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Sporomusa silvacetica
The genus name Sporomusa means “spore-bearing banana,” which describes the slightly curvy rod shaped cells of bacteria belonging to this particular genus.
Description and Significance
Sporomusa silvacetica was first discovered in the late 1990s in Geisberger Forest in east-central Germany. Kuhner and his team isolated the bacteria from a sample of drained forest soil. Like all bacteria belonging to the genus Sporomusa, Sporomusa silvacetica has curvy rod shaped cells and produces spherical shaped spores. The approximate cell size was measured as 3.5 by 0.7 µm. The bacterial cells are motile by means of a flagellum for propulsion, which is located on the concave side of the cell. Sporomusa silvacetica has a multilayered cell wall, however the individual layers that make up the cell wall are not very thick. Consequently, Gram staining causes the bacteria to stain weakly Gram-positive[2].
Sporomusa silvacetica has also been identified as an anaerobe and homoacetogen. Consequently, the organism catalyzes acetate for energy to be used in its metabolism for growth[5]. Growing conditions of 25-30°C and pH 6.8 were defined as the optimal conditions for Sporomusa silvacetica. Doubling time of the bacteria was 14 hours when grown under these conditions and fructose was used as the substrate. Sporomusa silvacetica colonies grown on fructose are shiny beige yellow and approximately 2-3 mm in diameter. The bacteria are also capable at growing at temperatures as low as 5-10°C.
Phylogenetic analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing has indicated that Sporomusa silvacetica and other members of the Sporomusa clade are closely related to the gram positive members of the genus Clostridia. 43 mol% of the Sporomusa silvacetica DNA consists of guanine and cytosine bases[2].
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?
Metabolism
Sporomusa silvacetica is an anaerobic bacterium that uses acetogenesis for metabolism. Sporomusa silvacetica can utilize many different substrates in order to grow including ferulate, vanillate, fructose, betaine, fumarate, 2,3-butanediol, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, formate, and H { { sub | 2 } } -CO2 [2]. Acetate is the primary reduced end product in most of the reactions using these substrates. This bacterium can use electron acceptors other than CO2 in order to conserve energy. Sporomusa silvacetica is the first discovered case in the Sporomusa genus to use fumarate and aromatic acrylate groups as terminal electron acceptors. It also can dismutate fumarate into succinate and acetate [2]. The acetyl-coenzyme A pathway is the primary pathway used when H2-CO2 is present [3]. Small traces of methane have also been produced when Sporomusa silvacetica utilizes H2-CO2. Neither nitrate nor sulfate was found to be the preferred terminal electron acceptor in any of these cases [2].
Oxygen
Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway
Ecology and Pathogenesis
Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
References
Author
Page authored by Bevneet Grewal, Jenna Mitchell, & Raajan Naik, students of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.
