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Lyman Ngiam Bench D 31/8/16**

Classification

Higher order taxa

The order taxa for Veillonella Parvula is listed as below:

Kingdom – Domain – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus

[Bacteria]-[Terrabacteria group]-[Firmicutes]-[Negativicutes]-[Veillonellales]-[Veillonellacea]-[Veillonella]

Species

There are a total of 14 species under the genus Veillonella. Veillonella parvula is one of the species name. There are many different description in terms of the strain, as listed below:

Type strain: strain ATCC10790 = CCUG 5123 = DSM 2008 = JCM 12972 = NCTC 11810

(consult LPSN http://www.bacterio.net/index.html for this information)

Description and significance

Veillonella parvula is a gram negative, anaerobic, coccus bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract and vagina in humans. The microorganism is first discovered by Veillon and Zuber in 1898.

Generally, Veillonella parvula has been treated as normal commensal, however in rare cases, it can also cause infection as a pathogenic bacteria. Over the reports has identified Veillonella species as a cause of endocarditis (10), obstructive pneumonitis (9), lung abscess (12), chronic sinusitis (16), chronic tonsillitis (4), liver abscess (8), and even meningitis. The most common reported infection caused by Veillonella parvula is osteomyelitis.

The significance of this microoganism is the ability to confer multi antimicrobial resistance properties to Streptococcus mutans, a primary pathogen in dental caries and thrives in dental plague. The resistance is obtained via formation of a dual species biofilm between Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus mutans.

Give a general description of the species (e.g. where/when was it first discovered, where is it commonly found, has it been cultured, functional role, type of bacterium [Gram+/-], morphology, etc.) and explain why it is important to study this microorganism. Examples of citations ^[1], ^[2]

Genome structure

Select a strain for which genome information (e.g. size, plasmids, distinct genes, etc.) is available.

Cell structure and metabolism

Cell wall, biofilm formation, motility, metabolic functions.

Ecology

Aerobe/anaerobe, habitat (location in the oral cavity, potential other environments) and microbe/host interactions.

Pathology

Do these microorganisms cause disease in the oral cavity or elsewhere?

Application to biotechnology

Bioengineering, biotechnologically relevant enzyme/compound production, drug targets,…

Current research

Summarise some of the most recent discoveries regarding this species.

References

References examples

1. Sahm, K., MacGregor, B.J., Jørgensen, B.B., and Stahl, D.A. (1999) Sulphate reduction and vertical distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria quantified by rRNA slotblot hybridization in a coastal marine sediment. Environ Microbiol 1: 65-74.

2. Human Oral Microbiome

3. Chen, C. (1996) Distribution of a newly described species, Kingella oralis, in the human oral cavity. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 11: 425–427.

This page is written by Lyman Ngiam Tze Kin for the MICR3004 course, Semester 2, 2016