Diego's microbe wiki: Difference between revisions
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===Species=== | ===Species=== | ||
''Genus:Enterobacter; Species:Cloacae '' | |||
http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/light%20microscopy%20of%20bacteria/Enterobacter%20cloacae%20microscopy.jpg | http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/light%20microscopy%20of%20bacteria/Enterobacter%20cloacae%20microscopy.jpg | ||
the suffix "Enteric" signiisfies a microorganism pertaining to or originating from the intestines. | |||
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Several Species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex are widely found in nature, but some can act as pathogens. The biochemical and molecular studies on E. cloacae have shown genomic similarity with six seperate species. | Several Species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex are widely found in nature, but some can act as pathogens. The biochemical and molecular studies on E. cloacae have shown genomic similarity with six seperate species. | ||
Revision as of 04:11, 8 May 2015
Classification
Domain: Bacteria; Phylum: Proteobacteria; Class: Gamaproteobacteria; Order: Eubacteriales; Family: Enterobacteriaceae [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]
Species
Genus:Enterobacter; Species:Cloacae
the suffix "Enteric" signiisfies a microorganism pertaining to or originating from the intestines.
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NCBI: Taxonomy |
Several Species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex are widely found in nature, but some can act as pathogens. The biochemical and molecular studies on E. cloacae have shown genomic similarity with six seperate species.
1) Enterobacter cloacae
2)Enterobacter asburiae
3)Enterobacter hormaechei
4)Enterobacter kobei
5)Enterobacter ludwigii
6)Enterobacter nimipressuralis.
E. cloacae and E. hormaechei are the most frequently found in human clinical specimens. Molecular methods of identificaTION are often used to differential between these species.
Habitat Information
Enterobacter Cloacae is typically found in nature and is capable of obtaining nutrition from products of organic breakdown and decay. They are often found in environments of soil and sewage, but may also be found within the "normal" enteric flora of the human GI tract in 40-80% of the population.
Description and Significance
Describe the appearance (colonial and cellular), possible antimicrobial activity etc. of the organism, and why the organism might be significant.
Enterbacter Cloacae are a genus of straight gram-negative bacilli (rods), capable of lactose-fermentation within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter spp. are facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (rods), which signifies that they have the potential to grow and multiply with or without oxygen. The average cellular size ranges from 0.6-1 μm in diameter and 1.2-3 μm long. E. Cloacae are capable of movement by means of peritrichous flagella and produce acid upon glucose fermentation with an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C(1). 80 % are encapsulated.
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
The Enterobacter cloacae species includes an extremely diverse group of bacteria that are associated with plants, soil and humans. Examination of the pan-genome of E. cloacae showed that the conserved core genome retains the general physiological and survival genes of the species, while genomic factors in plasmids and variable regions determine the virulence of the human pathogenic E. cloacae strain; additionally, the diversity of fimbriae contributes to variation in colonization and host determination of different E. cloacae strains. Comparative genome analysis further illustrated that E. cloacae strains possess multiple mechanisms for antagonistic action against other microorganisms, which involve the production of siderophores and various antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins, chitinases and antibiotic resistance proteins. The presence of Type VI secretion systems is expected to provide further fitness advantages for E. cloacae in microbial competition, thus allowing it to survive in different environments.
E. cloacae chromosomal DNA consists of 40-60% guanine + cytosine (G+C) nucleotide,
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.
Enterobacter Cloacae contain a thin cell-wall peptidoglycan layer of gram-negative bacteria. It its also capable of Nitrate reduction by removing oxygen from nitrate (NO3) producing nitrite (NO2).
Physiology and Pathogenesis
Biochemical characteristics, enzymes made, other characteristics that may be used to identify the organism; contributions to environment (if any).
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
endophytic E. cloacae strains have been shown to colonize and benefit plant growth in various crops, such as soybean, cucumber, corn, rice and ginger
E. cloacae is best known as a human opportunistic pathogen that is commonly found in hospitals and causes a wide range of infections, such as lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and meningitis [12]. Outbreaks usually occur in Intensive Care Units, primarily affecting patients in vulnerable age groups and patients who are hospitalized for a prolonged period. E. cloacae is clinically significant, particularly because its strains usually carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes
References
http://www.microbiologyinpictures.com/enterobacter%20cloacae.html
http://www.slideshare.net/AliaNajiha1/enterobacteriaceae-basic-properties
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/768204
Author
Page authored by Diego M. Escobedo, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.
