Calcium signaling in plant-microbe interaction
Introduction
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is an important second messenger involved in many signaling pathways in plants.[1] The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ connects the extracellular stimuli, including the signal of microbes, to intracellular and allow the respond in plants. Since Ca2+ cannot be synthesized or degraded by plant, its concentration in the cytoplasm of a plant cell ([Ca2+]cyt) is completely dependent on the balance of its entry and efflux process.[2] The concentration is regulated tightly by various membrane proteins, such as Ca2+ permeable channels, transporters, and Ca2+ pumps.[3] Different microbe signals trigger distinctive Ca2+ elevation patterns, referred to as Ca2+ signature, that can be different from each other from various aspects: amplitude, duration, frequency, spatial distribution, and times of cycle in [Ca2+]cyt changes. The Ca2+ signature produced by microbe signal can be decoded by downstream effectors and will result in transcriptional reprogramming of the defense or symbiosis-related genes by the transcription factors, causing different responses by plants.[4]
Section 1 Genetics
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Section 2 Microbiome
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Conclusion
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References
- ↑ Sanders et al. “Calcium at the Crossroads of Signaling” 2002. The Plant Cell 14:401–S417.
- ↑ Vadassery, J. and Oelmüller, R. “Calcium signaling in pathogenic and beneficial plant microbe interactions” 2009. Plant Signaling & Behavior 4:1024-1027.
- ↑ Seybold et al. “Ca2+ signalling in plant immune response: from pattern recognition receptors to Ca2+ decoding mechanisms” 2014. New Phytologist 204: 782-790.
- ↑ Yuan et al. “Calcium signatures and signaling events orchestrate plant–microbe interactions” 2017. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 38:173-183.
- ↑ Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
- ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.
- ↑ Lee G, Low RI, Amsterdam EA, Demaria AN, Huber PW, Mason DT. Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1981 May;29(5):576-81.
Edited by Yueqi Song, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2021, Kenyon College.
