Equine cecum

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The Equine Digestive Tract

Horses are non-ruminant herbivores. Their digestive tract includes a foregut, consisting of the stomach and small intestine, where food is partially digested enzymatically. The digestive tract also includes a hindgut, consisting of the cecum and colon, where fermentation is utilized to break down food that cannot be digested in the foregut. (Kline)

Who lives there?

Which microbes are present?

You may refer to organisms by genus or by genus and species, depending upon how detailed the your information might be. If there is already a microbewiki page describing that organism, make a link to it.

Are there any other non-microbes present?

Plants? Animals? Fungi? etc.

Do the microbes that are present interact with each other?

Describe any negative (competition) or positive (symbiosis) behavior

Do the microbes change their environment?

Do they alter pH, attach to surfaces, secrete anything, etc. etc.

Do the microbes carry out any metabolism that affects their environment?

Do they ferment sugars to produce acid, break down large molecules, fix nitrogen, etc. etc.

Current Research

Enter summaries of the most recent research. You may find it more appropriate to include this as a subsection under several of your other sections rather than separately here at the end. You should include at least FOUR topics of research and summarize each in terms of the question being asked, the results so far, and the topics for future study. (more will be expected from larger groups than from smaller groups)

References

“Explaining Laminitis and Founder Part Two: What Causes Laminitis?” The Cyberhorse Guide To Horse Health. 2003. CyberHorse. 2003 <http://www.cyberhorse.net.au/cgi-bin/tve/displaynewsitem.pl?20040325laminitispt2.txt>.

Bailey, S. R., M. L. Baillon, A. N. Rycroft, P. A. Harris, and J. Elliot. “Identification of Equine Cecal Bacteria Producing Amines in an In Vitro Model of Carbohydrate Overload.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Apr. 2003. p2087-2093.

Elliott, Jonathan and Simon R. Bailey. “Gastrointestinal Factors Are potential Triggers for the Development of Acute Equine Laminitis”. The Journal of Nutrition. July 2006. Volume 136. p. 2103S-2107S.

Hussein, H.S. and L.A. Vogedes. “Review: Forage Nutritional Value for Equine as Affected by Forage Species and Cereal Grain Supplementation”. Professional Animal Scientist. October 2003.

Julliand Veronique, Albane de Vaux, Liliane Millet, and Gerard Fonty. “Identification of Ruminococcus flavefaciens as the Predominant Cellulolytic Bacterial Species of the Equine Cecum.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Aug. 1999. p3738-3741.

Kern, D.L., L. L. Slyter, E.C. Leffel, J. M. Weaver and R. R. Oltjen. “Ponies vs. Steers: Microbial and Chemical Characteristics of Intestinal Ingesta.” Journal of Animal Science. 1974. 36:559-564.

Kern, D.L., L. L. Slyter, J. M. Weaver, E. C. Leffel, G. Samuelson. “Pony cecum vs. Steer Rumen: The Effect of Oats and Hay on the Microbial Ecosystem.” Journal of Animal Science.1973. 37:46-469.

Kline, Robert, Porr, Shea and Cardina, John. The Ohio State University Bulletin. Horse Nutrition. Bulletin 762-00. http://ohioline.osu.edu/b762/b762_5.html.

Mackie, Roderick I., and Clive A. Wilkins. “Enumeration of Anaerobic Bacterial Microflora of Equine Gastrointestinal Tract.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Sept. 1988. p2155-2160.

Maczulak, Anne E., Karl A. Dawson, and John P. Baker. “Nitrogen Utilization in Bacterial Isolates from the Equine Cecum”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Dec. 1985. p. 1439-1443.

Pollitt, C.C., M. Kyaw-Tanner, K.R. French, A.W. Van Eps, J.K. Hendrikz and M. Daradka. "Equine Laminitis". 49th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. 2003. New Orleans, LA.

Rowe, James B., Michael J. Lees & David W. Pethick. “Prevention of Acidosis and Laminitis Associated with Grain Feeding in Horses”. The Journal of Nutrition. 1994. Volume 124. p. 2742S-2744S.

Edited by [Tim Shaw and Megan Tambaschi], students of Rachel Larsen