Renibacterium salmoninarum
Work in Progress
Characteristics of the symbiont/pathogen
Renibacterium salmoninarum is a gram-positive bacterium that was first described in 1930 when it was found in Atlantic Salmon in Scotland. The bacterium is characterized by its small, diplobacillus, and rod shape.
Phylogenetic Classification: Bacteria Domain: Actinobacteria Kingdom:Actinobacteria Phylum: Actinobacteridae Class: Actinomycetales Order:Micrococcineae Sub-Order: Micrococcaceae Genus: Renibacterium Species: R. salmoninarum.
The Renibacterium salmoninarum genome was published in 2008 and has 3,155,250 base pairs.
Characteristics of the host
What host/s is/are involved? Is there host specificity? Are there secondary reservoirs?
Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of Bacterial Kidney disease in salmonids. It primarily affects juvenile and pre-spawning salmonids.
Host-Symbiont Interaction
What kind of interaction do host and symbiont have? How is the host affected by the relationship? How does the host acquire and transmit the symbiont? Is the interaction obligate or facultative?
The interaction between the young salmonids and Renibacterium salmoninarum is a parasitism and obligate. Bacterial Kidney Disease has led to dramatic declines of salmonids in fisheries.
Molecular Insights into the Symbiosis
Describe molecular/genetic studies on the symbiosis.
Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects
What is the evolutionary history of the interaction? Do particular environmental factors play a role in regulating the symbiosis?
Recent Discoveries
Describe two findings on the symbiosis published within the last two years.
References
[Sample reference] [[1] Seemanapalli SV, Xu Q, McShan K, Liang FT. 2010. Outer surface protein C is a dissemination-facilitating factor of Borrelia burgdorferi during mammalian infection. PLoS One 5:e15830.]
"DIAGNOSTICS, PREVENTION AND THERAPY OF FISH DISEASES AND INTOXICATIONS." FAO: FAO Home. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. <http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC160E/AC160E02.htm>.
"DNR - Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD)." SOM - State of Michigan. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. <http://www.mi.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_52259_10950-27345--,00.html>.
Faisal, Mohamed, Thomas P. Loch, Travis O. Brenden, Alaa E. Eissa, Mark P. Ebener, Gregory M. Wright, and Michael L. Jones. "Assessment of Renibacterium Salmoninarum Infections in Four Lake Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis) Stocks from Northern Lakes Huron and Michigan." Journal of Great Lakes Research 36 (2010): 29-37.
Metzger, D.C., D.G. Elliott, A. Wargo, L.K. Park, and M.K. Purcell. "Pathological and Immunological Responses Associated with Differential Survival of Chinook Salmon following Renibacterium Salmoninarum Challenge." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 90.1 (2010): 31-41. Sanders, J. E., and J. L. Fryer. "Renibacterium Salmoninarum Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., the Causative Agent of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Salmonid Fishes ." International Journal Of Systematic And Evolutionary Microbiology 30.2 (1980): 496-502.
Sandell, T. A., and K. C. Jacobson. "Comparison and Evaluation of Renibacterium Salmoninarum Quantitative PCR Diagnostic Assays Using Field Samples of Chinook and Coho Salmon." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 93.2 (2011): 129-39.
Wiens, G. D., D. D. Rockey, Z. Wu, J. Chang, R. Levy, S. Crane, D. S. Chen, G. R. Capri, J. R. Burnett, P. S. Sudheesh, M. J. Schipma, H. Burd, A. Bhattacharyya, L. D. Rhodes, R. Kaul, and M. S. Strom. "Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Renibacterium Salmoninarum Suggests Reductive Evolution Away from an Environmental Arthrobacter Ancestor." Journal of Bacteriology 190.21 (2008): 6970-982.
Edited by Shannon L. Carey, student of Grace Lim-Fong
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