Alliaria Petiolata and Mycorrhiza
Introduction
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There is strong evidence that plant–soil community feedback play a major role in plant species coexistence [1]. Soil microbial communities have been shown to rapidly change in response to plant identity [2;3;4]. These microbial community compositions can have strong direct effects on the outcome of plant–plant interactions [5,6]. The invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, has been shown to effect microbial communities and thus effect plant to plant interactions.
Invasive Plants
Invasive species can and do effect soil microbial communities. These interactions in areas of low diversity can be classified as competitive dominance, inhibition and positive feedback [1]. Monotypical stands formed by invasive species sometimes have symbiotic relationships novel to the invaded areas. These novel mutualisms could increase the competitiveness and niche-space of invasive species [7], a form of the ‘empty niche’ hypothesis [8]. The ‘degraded mutualist hypothesis’ proposes that some invasive plants will inhibit native symbiotic communities, indirectly reducing native plant fitness [9; 10].
Microbial Species
At least 80% of the world's plants form mycorrhizal assocations [32]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phylum Glomermycota, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), phylums Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota are soil mutualists with resident plant roots acting as an extension of the root system. Mycorrhizal associations lead to protection of the plant from soil pathogens [33] and an enhanced tolerance to drought [34].
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Niche
Describe the physical, chemical, or spatial characteristics of the niche where we might find this interaction, using as many sections/subsections as you require. Look at other topics available in MicrobeWiki. Create links where relevant.
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Microbial processes
What microbial processes are important for this microbial interaction? Does this microbial interaction have some ecosystem-level effects? Does this interaction affect the environment in any way? Describe critical microbial processes or activities that are important in this interaction, adding sections/subsections as needed. Look at other topics in MicrobeWiki. Are some of these processes already described? Create links where relevant.
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Key Microorganisms
What specific kinds of microbes are typically involved in this interaction? Or associated with important processes? Describe key groups (genera, species) of microbes that we find in this environment, and any special adaptations they may have evolved to survive in this environment. List examples of specific microbes that represent key groups or are associated with important processes found in this environment. Add sections/subsections as needed. Look at other microbe listings in MicrobeWiki. Are some of the groups of microbes from your environment already described? Create links to other MicrobeWiki pages where possible.
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Current Research
Enter summaries of recent research here--at least three required
References
Edited by <your name>, a student of Angela Kent at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
