Anellovirus

Introduction

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.

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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Overview

Anelloviruses are small circular single stranded DNA viruses found in blood plasma. While they are not known to cause any harm, high viral loads are associated with immune suppression and diseases such as hepatitis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases (Blatter et al.).The first anellovirus discovered was torque teno virus (TTV) in 1997, and since then it has been found that these viruses are relatively widespread and heterogenous (Spandole et al.). Within the family Anelloviridae there are three known genera: Alphatorquevirus, Betatorquevirus, and Gammatorquevirus. Alphatorquevirus includes TTV, while Betatorquevirus includes torque teno mini virus and Gammatorquevirus includes torque teno midi virus. Anelloviruses that infect animals have also been found in cats, dogs, and even pigs.

TTVs are unenveloped viruses that have a capsid made of 12 pentameric capsomers. Virion particle sizes range from 30 to 50 nm for TTV, but are less than 30 nm for torque teno mini virus (TTMV). The crystal structure of TTV has not been solved and these viruses cannot be grown in vitro due to lack of compatible cell systems.

Section 2

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Section 3

Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

Conclusion

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References

Blatter JA, Sweet SC, Conrad C, Danziger-Isakov LA, Faro A, Goldfarb SB, Hayes D, Melicoff E, Schecter M, Storch G, Visner GA, Williams NM, Wang D (2018) Anellovirus loads are associated with outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. Pediatric Transplantation 22(1): 9

Spandole S, Cimponeriu D, Berca LM, Mihaescu G (2015) Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects. Archives of Virology 160(4): 893-908

Edited by Julia Josowitz of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2018, Kenyon College.