Mariniflexile aquimaris
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Mariniflexile aquimaris
Classification
Higher order taxa
- Superkingdom: Bacteria
- Phylum: Bacteroidetes
- Class: Flavobacteria
- Order: Flavobacteriales
- Family: Flavobacteriaceae
- Genus: Mariniflexile
Species
Genus species - Mariniflexile aquimaris - Type Strain HWR-17t - Mariniflexil [Ma.ri.ni.fle′xi.le. L. adj. marinus marine; L. part. adj. flexilis -e pliant, pliable, flexible; N.L. neut. n. Mariniflexile a flexible marine (bacterium)]. - Mariniflexile aquimaris (a.qui.ma′ris. L. n. aqua water; L. gen. n. maris of the sea; N.L. gen. n. aquimaris of the water of the sea).
Description and Impact on Genus
The genus Mariniflexile, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al. (2006) with Mariniflexile gromovii, isolated from a sea urchin, as the sole recognized species. Mariniflexile aquimaris is a novel species to the genus Mariniflexile that was discovered in Yellow Sea off Hwang-do, an island in Korea. This species exhibited 97.1-97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Mariniflexile gronovii KCTC 12570T and Mariniflexile fucanivorans DSM 18792T. There were, however, distinct phenotypic differences that the discovery of Mariniflexile aquimaris that an amendment to the description of the genus was proposed. The new description is as follows: "Motile by gliding or non-gliding. Optimal growth temperature is 25–30 °C. Oxidase activity is negative. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid (Jung, Kim, Oh & Yoon, 2012)."
Cell structure and metabolism
Mariniflexile aquimaris are Gram-negative rod-shaped cells that are usually yellow-tinted in color. They are also traditionally slight halophiles with no motile capabilities because they are non-flagellated. Colonies on MA are circular, convex, smooth, glistening and yellow, 0.2–1.0 mm in diameter after incubation for 3 days at 30 °C.
They are not capable of anaerobic growth with or with out nitrate enhance marine agar, MA. The predominant menaquinone is MK-6 and the major fatty acid (>10 % of the total fatty acids) is iso-C15 : 0 in the Mariniflexile aquimaris species. In addition to the previously listed lipids given in the emended genus description, three unidentified lipids are present in minor amounts.
Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance
Mariniflexile aquimaris has shown susceptibility to cephalotin, gentamicin, neomycin, penicillin G and polymyxin B, but not to ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, lincomycin, novobiocin, oleandomycin, streptomycin or tetracycline.
References
1. Jung, Y., Kim, J., Oh, T., & Yoon, J. (2012). Mariniflexile aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended description of the genus mariniflexile nedashkovskaya et al. 2006. Internation Journal of Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 62, 539-544. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.031492-0
2. Nedashkovskaya O. I., Kim S. B., Kwak J., Mikhailov V. V., Bae K. S. (2006). Mariniflexile gromovii gen. nov., sp. nov., a gliding bacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1635–1638.
3. Barbeyron T., L’Haridon S., Michel G., Czjzek M. (2008). Mariniflexile fucanivorans sp. nov., a marine member of the Flavobacteriaceae that degrades sulphated fucans from brown algae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 2107–2113
