Nanotubes facilitate intercellular signaling in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

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Overview


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Structure


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

Formation

Figure 2. Two general modes of nanotube formation between cells. (A.) Previously adjoined cells can dislodge, forming a trailing nanotube. (B.) One cell can grow a cellular protrusion and use it to make contact with another cell. [10]
<http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-013-4548-3>.


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

HIV Pathogenesis

Figure 3. Detection of HIV-p24 (green staining) and actin (Texas Red-phalloidin, red staining) in macrophages containing DAPI (blue staining) through fluorescent staining. (C.) Nanotubes found in HIV-infected macrophages three days post-infection. (D-F.) An enlargement of the nanotubes in the white box shown in (C). Panels (D) and (E) were merged to form panel (F), in which nanotubes containing HIV-p24 can be seen. [16]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701345/figure/F5/>.


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

HTLV Pathogenesis


Overall paper length should be 3,000 words, with at least 3 figures.

Prion Pathogenesis

Figure 4. Nanotubular prion transfer in mice from infected ScCAD cells to non-infected CAD neuronal cells in coculture. CAD cells are depicted as red (Cherry PLAP transfection), and ScCAD cells are depicted as green (immunostaining for prions using SAF32 Ab). (C) Enlarged imaging of nanotubes carrying prions (green) from the donor ScCAD cell to the recipient CAD cell and into the cytoplasm (see arrows) <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712606/figure/F1/>.


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Prion Pathogenesis


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Genetic and cytoplasmic exchange in B. subtilis


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Metabolic mutualism between E. coli and Acinetobacter baylyi


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References

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

Edited by student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2009, Kenyon College.